,,MUSIC ,,BRAILLE ,,CODE
#AIIG
,DEVELOPED UNDER THE ,SPONSORSHIP
OF THE ,,BRAILLE ,,AUTHORITY
,OF ,,NORTH ,,AMERICA
,9 #E ,VOLUMES
,VOLUME #D
,BRAILLE ,PAGES P#A-P#D @&
#BGC-CGB
,PRINT ,PAGES #BCA-CBD
P#A ,,SPECIAL ,,SYMBOLS ,,US$
,,9 ,,? ,,VOLUME
7P47 7PR9T7
7B47 7BRL7
,5 ,NOTES 9 SMALL TYPE
,,3T5TS
,SEC;N ,PAGE
,,9/RU;TAL ,,& ,,VOCAL 73T47
#BD4 ,%ORT-,=M ,SCOR+ """"""""""""" #BCA
#BE4 ,MUSIC =! ,A3ORDION """""""""" #BDC
#BF4 ,OR*E/RAL ,SCORES """""""""""" #BDG
,! ,TRANSCRIP;N ( ,B& &
,OR*E/RAL ,"PS """""""""""""" #BFB
#BG4 ,FIGUR$ ,BASS """""""""""""""" #BFI
,A4 ,HORIZONTAL ,=MAT """"""""""" #BFI
,B4 ,V]TICAL ,=MAT """""""""""""" #BGF
,,=MATS ,,( ,,KEYBO>D ,,MUSIC
,9TRODUC;N """""""""""""""""""""""" #BHC
#BH4 ,ME?ODS ( ,PRES5T,N """""""""" #BHE
,B>-,OV]-,B> """""""""""""""""""" #BHE
,L9E-,OV]-,L9E """""""""""""""""" #BIG
,,APP5DIX
#BI4 ,SEC;N-BY-,SEC;N """"""""""""" #CJA
#CJ4 ,V]TICAL ,SCORE &
,B>-BY-,B> """""""""""""""""""" #CJG
,V]TICAL ,SCORE """"""""""""""""" #CJG
,B>-BY-,B> """""""""""""""""""""" #CJI
P#C #CA4 ,SUB/ITU;N """"""""""""""""""" #CAE
#CB4 ,! 8,NOTE-=-,NOTE0 ,ME?OD """" #CAG
,,MUSIC ,,BRL ,,CODE #BCA
#AIIG
#BD4 ,,%ORT,'-=M ,,SCOR+
7,,AM]ICAN ,,/YLE7
7,TA# #BD7
#BD.A4 ,%ORT-=M SCOR+ IS A BRL ME?OD (
NOTAT+ *ORD SYMBOLS -POS$ ( LRS1 NUMB]S1
A3ID5TALS & O!R PR9T SYMBOLS4 ,? SY/EM
USES LIT]>Y BRL OR -MON MUSIC SIGNS :]"E
POSSI# R ?AN A SY/EM ( SPECIAL BRL "*S4
,! *ORD SYMBOLS >E (T5 F.D 9 POPUL> &
FOLK MUSIC 9 LIEU (1 OR 9 A4I;N TO1 AN
A3OMPANI;T "P4 ,"! >E S"EAL -B9,NS (
^WS1 *ORDS1 & MUSIC4 ,O3A.N,Y ! *ORDS >E
%[N ) ^WS AL"O2 "S"TS !Y APPE> ) KEYBO>D
MUSIC ONLY1 OR )A MELODY ONLY1 B 9 A
L>GE MAJOR;Y ( CASES !Y O3UR ) ^WS &A
MELODY4 ,X IS = ALL ^! TYPES ( PR9T
SCORES T ! ME?OD DESCRIB$ 9 ,SEC;N #BD
IS DESIGN$4 ,DIAGRAMS (T5 A3OMPANY !
*ORD SYMBOLS B >E N 9CLUD$ 9 !
TRANSCRIP;N4 ,IF REQUE/$1 H["E1 ! *ORD
SYMBOLS US$ 9 A "PICUL> PIECE C 2 LI/$
#BD4 ,%ORT-,=M ,SCOR+ #BGC SEP>ATELY1 AC 6,P>4 #BC.CJ & A#BCA
,EXAMPLE #BC.CJ-A4
#BD.B4 ,! *ORD SYMBOLS >E BRLD 9 A
8FACSIMILE0 ME?OD1 I4E41 9 G5]AL1
SYMBOLS >E BRLD HORIZONT,Y1 UNSPAC$1 9 !
EXACT ORD] %[N 9 PR9T1 ) EXACT LR+1
CAPITALIZ,N1 ETC4 ,"PICUL> DIREC;NS &
EXCEP;NS 6? G5]AL RULE >E GIV5 9 !
FOLL[+ SIX P>AGRAPHS & >E ILLU/RAT$ 9
BRL & PR9T 9 ,TA# #BD4
#BD.C4 ,ALL LIT]>Y SYMBOLS >E
TRANSCRIB$ 9 LIT]>Y BRL4 ,3TRAC;NS & LR
SIGNS >E N EMPLOY$4 ,CAPITALIZ,N FOLL[S
! PR9T4 ,ALL P]IODS >E OMITT$4
#BD.D4 ,MUSIC SIGNS >E US$ = A3ID5TALS
& >E BRLD 9 ! ORD] %[N 9 ! PR9T COPY4
#BD.E4 ,SIGNS = M9US ,'- ;2& PLUS ,'+
;2>E BRLD 9 ! ORD] %[N 9 ! PR9T COPY4
#BD.F4 ,A 8DROPP$0 ;D IS US$ =! SMALL
CIRCLE1 &A 8DROPP$0 ;D FOLL[$ 0A DOT #C
=! CIRCLE )A SLA% "? X4 ,!Y REPRES5T
RESPECTIVELY1 DIM9I%$ & HALF-DIM9I%$4
,H["E1 IF ! PR9T %[S ! A2REVI,N 8DIM01 X
IS WRITT5 \ Z %[N4
#BD.G4 7#AA-IG7 ,! NUMB] SIGN IS BRLD 2F E NUMB]4 ,9 A V]TICAL B#BCA
>RANGE;T ( NUMB]S1 ! .L[] NUMB] IS BRLD
F/2 9 A HORIZONTAL >RANGE;T1 ! PR9T COPY
IS FOLL[$4 ,SEE ,EXAMPLE #BD.AD-A4
------------------------------------#BCB
#BD.H4 ,A SLA% L9E 2T SYMBOLS 7Z 9
,G/,D7 IS TRANSCRIB$ Z DOTS #CD1 &
9DICATES T ! LR FOLL[+ ! L9E REPRES5TS !
BASS NOTE (! *ORD4 ,? BRL PROC$URE IS AL
US$ 69DICATE ! BASS NOTE :5 ! 9=M,N IS
WRITT5 \ 9 FULL4 7,SEE ,EXAMPLE
#BD.AC.B-A47
#BD.I4 ,": ^WS1 *ORDS &A MELODY >E
PRES5T1 !Y >E -B9$ 9 AN EXP&$ L9E-BY-L9E
=MAT 3SI/+ (A ?REE L9E P>ALLEL4 ,^WS >E
PLAC$ ON ! F/ L9E1 CORRESPOND+ *ORDS ON
! SECOND L9E1 &! CORRESPOND+ MELODY ON !
?IRD L9E4 7,IF A KEYBO>D "P IS PRES5T1 X
IS TRANSCRIB$ SEP>ATELY1 B>-OV]-B>47
#BD.AJ4 ,! ^W L9E ALW />TS AT ! M>G91
EI )A ^W1 A SYLLA#1 OR A M1SURE NUMB]4
7,NUMB]S1 )A PREFIX1 >E %[N O3A.N,Y AT !
4CRE;N (! TRANSCRIB]1 GOV]N$ MA9LY 0!
PHRAS+4 ,X IS UNDESIRA# 6NUMB] E
#BD.B--#BD.AJ #BGE P>ALLEL47 ,PLACE;T ( *ORDS ON ! A#BCB
SECOND L9E IS DICTAT$ 0_! REL,N%IP 6!
^WS4 ,! MELODY L9E ALW />TS 9 ! ?IRD
CELL4 ,A RUNOV] L9E1 -M5C+ 9 ! FIF?
CELL1 MAY 2 US$ 6EXT5D ! MELODY L9E ON
O3A.N1 B N ! ^WS4
#BD.AA4 7#AA-IG7 ,! ABNORMAL APPE>.E &
SPAC+ ( "S ^WS IS MADE NEC 0! AM.T (
SPACE REQUIR$ =! CORRECT PLACE;T ( EA*
SU3E$+ *ORD SYMBOL4 ,": ! SPACE REQUIR$
0! SYMBOLS NECESSITATES A SEP>,N ( F\R
OR M CELLS 2T ^WS OR SYLLA# DIVI.NS1 A
S]IES ( DOTS #CF IS 9S]T$ 9 ! ^W L9E1 )A
BLANK SPACE 2F & AF ! S]IES4
#BD.AB4 ,*ORD SYMBOLS >E PLAC$ 9 REL,N
6! ,,^WS1 N 6! MELODY1 &! PLACE;T (!
9ITIAL CAPITAL SIGN ( EA* *ORD 7OR A
HYPH5 PREC$+ X7 IS ! DET]M9+ FACTOR Z
6:E!R ! *ORD IS PLAY$ )1 2F1 DUR+1 OR AF
! ^W OR SYLLA# IS S.D$4 ,ALL PUNCTU,N
M>KS1 9CLUD+ APO/ROPHES1 9 ! ^W L9E >E
4REG>D$ ) RESPECT 6ALIGN;T4 ,USU,Y A
SPACE IS N NEC 2T ! *ORD SYMBOLS1 S9CE !
CAPITAL SIGN OR HYPH5 PREFIX 9DICATES !
2G9N+ (A NEW *ORD4 ,H["E1 ": M ?AN "O CAPITAL LR APPE>S 9 A *ORD NOT,N B#BCB
7Z 9 ,GNO,D1 OR ,D/,A71 "! %D 2 A SPACE
2T S* *ORD NOT,N &! NEXT4
#BD.AC4 ,PLACE;T (! *ORD SYMBOLS IS
MADE AC 6! FOLL[+ DIREC;NS3
#BD.AC.A4 7#AA-IG7 ,": ! *ORD IS
S.D$ .)! RELAT$ ^W OR SYLLA#1 ! 9ITIAL
CAPITAL SIGN (! *ORD IS V]TIC,Y ALIGN$
)! 9ITIAL "* (! SYLLA# 7:E!R A CAPITAL
SIGN OR LR74
------------------------------------#BCC
,EXAMPLE #BD.AC.A-A4 %#D4
,STARS WERE SHINING
,G ,BM ,C ,D
.::::
IN THE SKY ABOVE1
,C ,CM
.EDDE?V<K
#BD.AC.B4 ,": ! *ORD IS S.D$ .2F !
^W OR SYLLA#1 ! 9ITIAL CAPITAL SIGN (!
*ORD IS PLAC$ TWO SPACES 6! LEFT (!
9ITIAL "* (! ^W 7Z )! SECOND *ORD 9 !
EXAMPLE 2L74
#BD.AA--#BD.AC.B #BGG ,EXAMPLE #BD.AC.B-A4 <<<#D4 #BCD
,WHY --- DO YOU AND ,I GO
,A<,M#G,F#G/,A ,B<
"( XGGGJH"
ON PRE- TENDING8
,G#G/,B ,CM
"GH G'&@CP'<K
#BD.AC.C4 ,H["E1 ": A *ORD WD PREC$E
! F/ ^W ON A L9E1 7PREV5T+ ? L9E F />T+
AT ! M>G91 Z REQUIR$7 AN ADJU/;T M/ 2
MADE4 ,USU,Y ! PREC$+ P>ALLEL IS %ORT5$
6! EXT5T NE$$ 9 ORD] 6ALL[ ! NEW ^W L9E
6/>T 9 ! F/ CELL4 ,NO ADJU/;T IS NEC1 (
C\RSE1 IF ! L9E -M;ES )A M1SURE NUMB]1 Z
9 ! NEXT EXAMPLE4 7,A NUMB] %D N 2 9S]T$
>BITR>ILY = ? PURPOSE1 H["E1 DIVI.NS %D
G5],Y 2 MADE ON A MUSICAL BASIS47
,EXAMPLE #BD.AC.C-A4 #D4
#I NOW IT'S JUST A MEMORY1
,E#G ,AM
U"FF%GF VIJS<K
#BD.AC.D4 ,": ! *ORD IS S.D$ #BCE
.DUR+ ! SYLLA#1 ! ALIGN;T FACTOR IS A
HYPH54 ,! HYPH51 FOLL[$ )\T A SPACE 0!
CAPITAL SIGN (! *ORD1 IS V]TIC,Y ALIGN$
)! F/ "* (! SYLLA#4
,EXAMPLE #BD.AC.D-A4 %#D4
,WHO KNOWS ---- IF WE WILL MEET
,AM#G,AM#G/,D ,G -,G/,F%
"$$U VX((@CH!(@CH"
AGAIN8
-,EM
.Z)@C T<K
#BD.AC.E4 ,": A *ORD *ANGE O3URS .)1
& O!RS O3UR .DUR+1 ! SAME SYLLA# 7OR ":
TWO OR M *ANGES TAKE PLACE DUR+ ! SAME
SYLLA#71 ! HYPH5 PREFIX (! SECOND *ORD
7OR ANY A4I;NAL "OS7 _C 2 PLAC$ "U !
2G9N+ (! A6ECT$ SYLLA#4 ,? CAUSES NO
PRO#M =! R1D]1 H["E1 2C ! PREFIX 3T9UES
6ACT Z A 8DUR+0 9DICATOR =! *ORD T
FOLL[S X4
#BD.AC.C--#BD.AC.E #BGI ,EXAMPLE #BD.AC.E-A4 <<<.C #BCF
,FAR1 FAR AWAY4
,CM ,G#G ,CM-,FM-,CM
"P'G'Z Y@C N<K
#BD.AC.F4 ,! F/ ^W OR SYLLA# T
FOLL[S A *ORD : IS PREC$$ 0A HYPH5 M/ 2
PLAC$ AT L1/ TWO SPACES 6! "R (! HYPH5 S
T ! NEW ^W OR SYLLA# _C 2COME ALIGN$ OR
ASSOCIAT$ )! PREVI\S *ORD4 ,? MAY
NECESSITATE ! EXT5.N (A SYLLA# )A HYPH5
9 ! .^W L9E1 = EXAMPLE1 ": A *ORD IS
/RUCK DUR+ A "O-CELL SYLLA# OR 3TRAC;N T
O3URS AT ! 2G9N+ (1 OR 9 ! MI4LE (1 A
^W4 7,A SPACE IS N LEFT AF ! ^W HYPH5
UN.S SPACE IS NE$$ = A4I;NAL *ORD
*ANGE47
,EXAMPLE #BD.AC.F-A4 #D4
O-PEN YOUR HEARTS TO
-,CM
"\@C2H<FG\[<K
------------------------------------#BCG
#BD.AC.G4 ,": ! *ORD IS S.D$ .AF !
SYLLA# OR ^W HAS BE5 REL1S$1 ! 9ITIAL CAPITAL SIGN (! *ORD IS PLAC$ "O A#BCG
SPACE 6! "R (! F9AL LR4 7,SEE ,EXAMPLE
#BD.AC.G-A47 ,IF PREVI\S *ORDAL MAT]IAL
ALR EXT5DS 2Y ! ^W1 ! *ORD FOLL[S ?
MAT]IAL1 )\T SPACE4 7,SEE ,EXAMPLE
#BC.AC.G-B47
,EXAMPLE #BD.AC.G-A4 <<.C
NOW AND THEN2
,D ,G,M#G
%"G*F]U<K
,EXAMPLE #BD.AC.G-B4 <<.C
LOVE A- -- WAY4
,DM ,D<4#G,CM#G,F#G
"S'\ T'V<K
#BD.AD4 ,": ^WS & *ORDS APPE> AL"O1 &
NO MUSIC IS PRES5T1 A TWO-L9E P>ALLEL IS
US$1 )! *ORDS ALIGN$ 2N ! RELAT$ SYLLA#S
& ^WS 9 ! /AT$ MANN]4
#BD.AC.F--#BD.AD #BHA ,EXAMPLE #BD.AD-A4 #BCH
,AND ,I'LL TRY TO BE SMILING4
,G#G ,DM#G,G#G,F ,EM,DM
#BD.AE4 ,IF M ?AN "O V]SE IS GIV5 )!
SAME MUSIC 7OR ! SAME ) SLI<T V>I,NS71
ONLY ! F/ "O IS WRITT5 )! *ORDS &
MELODY4 ,A4I;NAL V]SES >E WRITT5 AT ! 5D
(! PIECE 9 A TWO-L9E P>ALLEL 3SI/+ ( ^WS
& *ORDS ONLY4 ,M9OR V>I,NS 9 ! MELODY :
APPLY 6V]SES AT ! 5D (! PIECE MAY 2 %[N
Z AN IN-A3ORD 9 ! MUSIC L9E (! F/ V]SE1
LABELL$ )! V]SE NUMB] 7IN ! MANN] (!
MUSIC L9E ( ,EXAMPLE #BB.BA-A74 ,IF V]SE
& M1SURE NUMB]S APPE> SIMULTANE\SLY1 !
V]SE NUMB] IS PLAC$ "O SPACE 2Y ! M1SURE
NUMB]4 ,M1SURE NUMB]S >E N %[N 9 !
A4I;NAL V]SES WRITT5 9 A TWO-L9E
P>ALLEL4
#BD.AE.A4 ,": A SECOND V]SE HAS ONLY
A FEW ^WS DI6]5T F ! F/ V]SE1 ! V>I,N
MAY 2 %[N )9 ! F/ V]SE PROVID$ ! ORIG9AL
&! V>I,N C 2 %[N 9 "O BRL L9E4 ,! 9DIC,N
( V]SE NUMB]1 &! V>I,N1 >E 5CLOS$ 9 ^W
SIGNS4 ,! *ORDS >E %[N "U EA* V].N1 B ! MELODY IS WRITT5 ONLY ONCE4 A#BCH
,EXAMPLE #BD.AE.A-A4 <<<.C
,WILL YOU WAIT FOR >V#B COME WITH>
,FM#G ,B<#G ,B<#G
"JJJ("
ME8
-,E<,M#G
")@C T<K
------------------------------------#BCI
#BD.AE.B4 ,IF "! >E A NUMB] ( ^W &
MELODIC V>I,NS PRES5T1 H["E1 EA* V]SE IS
BRLD SEP>ATELY1 9 ! USUAL ?REE-L9E
P>ALLEL4
#BD.AF4 ,:5 A VOCAL >RANGE;T 3TA9S
MELODY ONLY 7NO PIANO A3OMPANI;T "P7 &
NOTES >E 9CLUD$ 9 ! MELODY = : "! >E NO
^WS1 ^! NOTES %D 2 TRANSCRIB$1 & 5CLOS$
9 MUSIC P>5!SES4
#BD.AG4 ,9 A PIECE ) V FEW *ORD
9DIC,NS1 X IS POSSI# 6H AN 5TIRE P>ALLEL
) NO *ORD *ANGES %[N4 ,9 T CASE1 ! LA/
*ORD 9 E6ECT 9 ! PREVI\S P>ALLEL IS
REP1T$ 7)9 ^W SIGNS7 AT ! 2G9N+ (! *ORD
#BD.AE--#BD.AG #BHC L9E1 V]TIC,Y ALIGN$ )! F/ ^W4 A#BCI
,IF NO ^WS O3UR 9 A P>ALLEL1 8NO ^WS0 IS
PLAC$ AT ! M>G9 (! ^W L9E1 &!
APPROPRIATE NUMB] ( RE/S IS BRLD 9 !
MELODY L9E4
#BD.AH4 ,*ORDS AT ! 2G9N+ (A S;G MAY 2
H&L$ AC 6! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE3
,EXAMPLE #BD.AH-A4 #D%#D4
#J ------------------------- ,THE
,B,EMAJ#G,A#F/,E ,EMAJYG,A#F
VU MMM UV%"H<K
------------------------------------#BDJ
#BD.AI4 ,IF *ORD SYMBOLS A3OMPANY A
KEYBO>D TRANSCRIP;N T HAS NO ^WS1 ! *ORD
SYMBOLS 3/ITUTE ! BOTTOM L9E (A ?REE-L9E
P>ALLEL4 ,! F/ *ORD 9 EA* M1SURE IS
ALIGN$ )! MUSIC AT ! 2G9N+ (! M1SURE1 B
NO ATTEMPT IS MADE 6ALIGN *ORDS ) B1TS
)9 A M1SURE4
,EXAMPLE #BD.AI-A4 <_C
.>"\'IJD<E<F<>"F<F:]<+<[# .Y#*3<L<K'
_>^Q9+W0<\<9+ ''''''''''' ^=9+<L<K'
,FMAJ#I,E<#I,G<#I ,F#I#F #BD.BJ4 ,*ORD SYMBOLS ) MELODY A#BDJ
AL"O >E TR1T$ SIMIL>LY 6A KEYBO>D
TRANSCRIP;N4 7,SEE ,EXAMPLE #BD.AI-A
ABV47
#BD.BA4 7#AA-IG7 ,"S PR9T SYMBOLS1 S*
Z ! SMALL CIRCLE 7DIM9I%$7 & SMALL
CIRCLE )A L9E "? X 7HALF-DIM9I%$71 H
/&>D M1N+S4 ,O!RS H DI6]5T M1N+S 9
DI6]5T PUBLIC,NS2 E4G4 ! SMALL TRIANGLE
&! ITALICIZ$ #G H BE5 US$ 69DICATE MAJOR
SEV5?S & AL DIM9I%$ SEV5?S AC 6DI6]5T
-POS]S4 ,ALL EXPLANATORY MAT]IAL W1 (
C\RSE1 2 9CLUD$ 9 ! TRANSCRIP;N4 ,9
EXAMPLES 7A7 & 7B7 2L1 ! TRIANGLE &!
8ITALICIZ$0 7UNUSUAL7 #G BO? 9DICATE
MAJOR SEV5? *ORDS4 ,9 BO? CASES1 ! M1N+
(! *ORD SYMBOL 0 EXPLA9$ AT ! 2G9N+ (!
PR9T PUBLIC,N4 ,! PREFIX =! "R H& "P :5
9T]VALS R1D UP IS US$ 9 EXAMPLE 7A74 ,9
EXAMPLE 7B71 ! 8NOTES0 >E M]ELY AN
9DIC,N ( RHY?M =A JAZZ GUIT>I/4
#BD.AH--#BD.BA #BHE ,EXAMPLE #BD.BA-A4 #BDA
7A7 .C
.>>_[+0<[/0" R+90<K
_> _:" ^\ _N<K
,D-#G,G#G<#I,C0
7B7 #AB8
"JJJJJJ" W'V'<K
,GM ,C#G ,F.#G
#BD.BB4 ,OBLIQUE L9ES US$ 69DICATE
RHY?MIC /RUMM+ >E O3A.N,Y %[N )A MELODY
)\T ^WS4 ,/RUMM+ SIGNS >E REPRES5T$
0DOTS #C-D1 & >E PLAC$ ON A SEP>ATE L9E
DIRECTLY 2L ! NOTES 6: !Y APPLY4 ,IF
*ORD SYMBOLS AL APPE>1 !Y >E PLAC$ ON !
BOTTOM L9E (A ?REE-L9E P>ALLEL1 ALIGN$
)! 2G9N+ (! M1SURE 9 : !Y O3UR4
------------------------------------#BDB
,EXAMPLE #BD.BB-A4 #C4
#J "DE FH@C\DE FH@C\.DE FH@C\FE ?[<K
/ // / / / / // //
,C ,C#G ,F
#BD.BC4 ,! FOLL[+ 8,TRANSCRIB]'S ,NOTE0 %D 2 9CLUD$ ) ANY A#BDB
TRANSCRIP;N ( S;GS 3TA9+ *ORD SYMBOLS &
^WS4
8,! *ORD SYMBOLS 9 ? S;G RELATE 6!
^WS4 ,! POSI;N (! 9ITIAL CAPITAL SIGN 9
EA* *ORD SYMBOL DET]M9ES :E!R ! *ORD IS
PLAY$ 2F1 )1 OR AF ! RELAT$ ^W OR
SYLLA#4 ,IF ! *ORD IS S.D$ .2F1 XS
9ITIAL CAPITAL SIGN IS PLAC$ TWO SPACES
6! LEFT (! 9ITIAL "* (! SYLLA#2 IF .)1
XS CAPITAL IS V]TIC,Y ALIGN$ )! SYLLA#2
& IF .AF1 XS 9ITIAL CAPITAL IS PLAC$ "O
SPACE 6! "R (! F9AL "* (! ^W4 ,PUNCTU,N
M>KS 9 ! ^W L9E H NO BE>+ ON ! RELATIVE
POSI;N (! 9ITIAL SIGN (A *ORD4
8,IF ! *ORD IS S.D$ .DUR+ A SYLLA#1 !
*ORD'S 9ITIAL CAPITAL SIGN IS PREC$$ 0A
HYPH54 ,! HYPH5 PREFIX S]VES Z ! ALIGN;T
FACTOR1 & IS V]TIC,Y ALIGN$ )! F/ "* (!
SYLLA#4 7,IF ? ALIGN;T IS PREV5T$ 2C A
PREC$+ *ORD IS RELAT$ 6! SAME SYLLA#1 !
HYPH5 PREFIX FOLL[S SD *ORD1 IMMLY47
8,! ABNORMAL APPE>.E & SPAC+ ( "S ^WS
IS MADE NEC 0! AM.T ( SPACE REQUIR$ =!
#BD.BB--#BD.BC #BHG CORRECT PLACE;T ( EA* SU3E$+ B#BDB
*ORD SYMBOL40
#BD.BC.A4 ,SPECIAL SIGNS US$ 9
TRANSCRIB+ A *ORD1 S* Z A PLUS1 M9US1
SMALL CIRCLE1 SLA% L9E1 ETC41 %D 2 LI/$
& ID5TIFI$ =! R1D]4
#BE4 ,,MUSIC ,,= ,,! #BDC
,,A3ORDION
7,TA# #BE7
#BE.A4 ,! SIGNS = A3ORDION MUSIC ONLY
BE> _! SPECIAL SIGNIFIC.E :5 ! PASSAGE
IS PREC$$ 0! PREFIX GIV5 9 ,TA# #BE1 :
IS TR1T$ 9 ! SAME MANN] ALR EXPLA9$ = H&
SIGNS 7,P>4 #BJ.A.A--#BJ.A.B74
#BE.B4 7#AA-IG7 ,= A3ORDION REGI/R,N
SIGNS1 SEE ,TA# #BE 7,B74 ,! REGI/R,N IS
PLAC$ DIRECTLY 9 ! L9E ( MUSIC & IS
FOLL[$ IMMLY 0! NEXT MUSIC "*4 ,IF O!R
REGI/R,N SYMBOLS APPE>1 SIMIL> SIGNS %D
2 DEVIS$ & DESCRIB$ 9 A ,T4,N4
#BE.C4 ,! SY/EM ( NOT,N "H PRES5T$ IS
ADAPT$ =A PIANO A3ORDION ) SIX R[S (
BUTTONS & APPLIES ONLY 6! LEFT H&1 MUSIC
=! "R H& 2+ WRITT5 9 ! MANN] ALR EXPLA9$
9 ? "W4 7,SEE AL ,SEC;N #BH47
,S9CE V>I\S SIZES & MODELS (! 9/RU;T1
Z WELL Z DI6]+ PR9T SY/EMS ( NOT,N1 >E
US$ 9 DI6]5T C.TRIES1 ! PRES5T "W C SET
=? ONLY ! BASIC PR9CIPLES (! BRL NOT,N4
#BE4 ,MUSIC =! ,A3ORDION #BHI ,! TRANSCRIB] %D MAKE ADJU/;TS = A#BDC
SPECIAL CASES & PROVIDE A CLE> EXPLAN,N
( ^! 9 ! TRANSCRIP;NS4
#BE.D4 ,9 PR9T1 ! NOTES (! BASSES 7!
F/ TWO R[S ( BUTTONS7 O3UR 9 ! L[] "P (!
/AFF ) /EMS TURN$ UP4 ,NOTES = *ORDS 7!
REMA9+ F\R R[S7 O3UR 9 ! UPP] "P (! /AFF
) /EMS TURN$ D[N4 ,ANY NOTE =! LEFT H&1
REG>D.S ( XS POSI;N ON ! /AFF1 C 2 PLAY$
ON "O BUTTON ONLY1 & S9CE OCTAVE M>KS >E
?US R5D]$ UNNEC1 ^! SIGNS >E "H US$
6NUMB] ! R[S ( BUTTONS Z %[N 9 ,TA# #BE4
,NOTES & RE/S >E1 ( C\RSE1 WRITT5 AC
6,TA#S #A1 #D & #E4
,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE %[S ALT]NATE BASSES
& *ORDS4
,EXAMPLE #BE.D-A4 .C
,>^?_?@$_? ^\.\^W.\<K
------------------------------------#BDD
#BE.E4 7#AA-IG7 ,! SIGNS = R[S (
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------------------------------------#BDE
#BE.G4 ,9T]VALS MAY 2 D\#D1 B ! D\BL+
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<'"EAGBHLI1JKI1HLGB<K
------------------------------------#BDF
#BE.I4 ,! *ORD SYMBOLS & A3ORDION
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ETC474
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LANGUAGE (! PR9T SCORE4
------------------------------------#BDH
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7,EXAMPLES #BF-C & #BF-D1 PAGE #BED47
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#BED47
------------------------------------#BDI
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( M1SURE-NUMB]+ C 2 US$ ONLY :5 "! >E NO
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------------------------------------#BEJ
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R1D]4
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DEVICE 7,P>4 #AF.BI--#AF.BI.A7 MAY 2
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! -M;E;T (A M1SURE4
#BF.BJ4 ,P>ALLEL MOVE;T %D G5],Y 2 US$
= 9/RU;TS : /& IMMLY 2L "O ANO!R 9 !
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! PR9CIPLES SET =? 9 ? SEC;N4
------------------------------------#BEA
,OR*E/RAL ,EXAMPLES
#BF.BC4 ,! FOLL[+ IS A SPECIM5 (! LI/
( 9/RU;TS 6BE GIV5 ON ! PAGE : PREC$ES !
MUSIC TEXT4
#BF.AI--#BF.BC #CJC ,EXAMPLE #BF-A4 A#BEA
,,DIE ,,MEISTERSINGER ,,VON
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KLEINE FL[TE 7PC'74
#B GROSZE FL[TEN 7FL21'74
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#B FAGOTTE 7B21'74
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#C TROMPETEN3 99
#A U4 #B IN ;F 7TP21'74
#C IN ;C 7TP3'74
#C POSAUNEN 7TB21' TB3'74
BASZTUBA 7BTU'74
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#A VIOLINEN 7V1'74
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7P47
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7B47
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,EXAMPLES #BF-B--#BF-F #CJG #BEG
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>VL' "(*G%DE&GDE&GEF>F"(%G*GE
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------------------------------------#BEI
,EXAMPLES #BF-G--#BF-H #CJI #BFJ
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#AJA
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------------------------------------#BFA
#BFB
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NEXT TWO EXAMPLES4
,EXAMPLE #BF-I 6,P>4 #BF.BF #CAA ,EXAMPLE #BF.BF-A4 <#F8 A#BFB
>FF' GLISSANDO>
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------------------------------------#BFC
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_I>KK.F+9-7_F>KK.F#%0/#7 #C4 _["
#BF.BG4 ,9 ! NEXT EXAMPLE A DIREC;NAL
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7EXPLA9$ 0! -POS] 9 ! TEXT74 ,9 BRL1 A
%>P SIGN PREC$$ 0DOT #D REPRES5TS ! >R[
0%[+ ! #A/D /EP UPW>D MOVE;T (! PIT*4
,EXAMPLE #BF.BG-A4 #D4
.(5%GH'@C\@C(^2;B5%GH'@C(@A@%H'@A<K
#BF.BH 7#AA-IG7 ,BRACKETS >E PLAC$ ":
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------------------------------------#BFD
,EXAMPLE #BF.BH-A4 %%.C
;1;ZFGF Z.IGFZ"I"'GF<K
#BF.BI4 ,PR9T MUSIC = NON-MELODIC
P]CUS.N 9/RU;TS IS WRITT5 ON A /AFF1 A
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SIGN 7IF GIV57 IS A BASS CLEF1 B (T5 "!
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SPACE ALLOTT$ = CLEF SIGNS4 7,SEE
,EXAMPLE #BF.CC-A47
#BF.CJ4 ,! 9/RU;T 6BE PLAY$ IS
DESIGNAT$ 0A SPECIFIC PIT*4 ,9 "S
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#BF.CC-A72 9 O!R -POSI;NS ! P]=M] MAKES
? DET]M9,N F ! MUSIC XF4 7,SEE ,EXAMPLE
#BF.CB-A47
#BF.CA4 ,9 BRL1 NOTES WRITT5 ON A FULL
/AFF >E TRANSCRIB$ Z IF WRITT5 9 ! BASS
CLEF4 ,NOTES WRITT5 ON A S+LE L9E >E
#BF.BG--#BF.CA #CAC BRLD Z ! NOTE ;,C4 ,:5 A "PIAL A#BFD
/AFF IS US$1 PIT*ES >E ASSIGN$ 0!
TRANSCRIB] :O 9CLUDES A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE %[+ PIT*ES ) 9/RU;TS4
,EXAMPLE #BF.CA-A4 .C
>TRI' 6Y ???? ?VYYYYDD<K
#BF.CB4 ,9 P]CUS.N MUSIC1 ! BRL SIGNS
= "R & LEFT H& 7,TA# #AI7 FOLL[ ! NOTES4
------------------------------------#BFE
,EXAMPLE #BF.CB-A4 #D4
7#E ,TEMPLE ,BLOCKS7
#A V>FF_(AHLHAHL(LMX&MX<>VV_&AFFF"
_YDDD 6.8^['22YLDADL!AIIYDD"
>SF>C^!IIYDD<K
#BF.CC4 ,9 PR9T1 PICTORIAL SYMBOLS >E
(T5 9CLUD$ T 9DICATE S* DETAILS Z TYPES
( /ICKS OR MALLETS 6BE US$1 POR;N ( DRUM
OR CYMBAL 6/RIKE1 USE ( SN>ES1 ETC4 ,9
BRL1 A2REVI,NS REPRES5T ! PICTORIAL
SYMBOLS4 ,! A2REVI,NS >E 9S]T$ 9 ! MUSIC
AT ! PROP] LOC,N & >E LI/$ 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE )A DESCRIP;N (! PICTORIAL SYMBOL4 A#BFE
------------------------------------#BFF
,EXAMPLE #BF.CC-A4
,L[ SUSP5D$ ,CYMBAL 7;,X-%APE7 "" ,'^J
,HI< SUSP5D$ ,CYMBAL 7;,X-%APE7 ,'_G
REV]SE 5D ( RATTAN /ICKS """""" ,'>RRS
BRU%ES """"""""""""""""""""""""" ,'>BR
REV]SE 5D ( BRU%ES 7METAL7 """" ,'>RBR
ON DOME ( CYMBAL """"""""""""""" ,'>DC
ON C5T] ( CYMBAL """"""""""""""" ,'>CC
ON $GE ( CYMBAL """""""""""""""" ,'>EC
#EG #C4 >EC>P^J@CXV>RRS'V #B4 V"
>DC>PP'2_Q>CC^)>DC_Q>CC^)@C>SIM'"
2^T)_Q^T_Q@C #C8
2_Q=Q.8^)@CJ@C>BR'X<K
------------------------------------#BFG
#BF.CD4 ,:5 ALT]NATE SETS ( H& SIGNS
>E GIV5 = P]CUS.N1 !Y MAY 2 TRANSCRIB$ Z
IN-A3ORDS OR BRLD ! SAME Z TWO SETS (
F+]+ SIGNS 9 KEYBO>D MUSIC4
#BF.CB--#BF.CD #CAE ,EXAMPLE #BF.CD-A4 A#BFG
?L?A?L?A<>?A?L?A?L
?LA?AL?LA?AL
#BF.CE4 ,! M1SURE REP1T IS (T5 9DICAT$
9 PR9T 9/RU;TAL "PS 0AN OBLIQUE L9E )
DOTS ABV & 2L X4 ,? C 2 REPRES5T$ 9 BRL
0! M1SURE OR "P-M1SURE REP1T GIV5 9 ,TA#
#AF4
#BF.CF4 ,X "S"TS HAPP5S1 H["E1 T A
PR9T REP1T W 3TA9 EXPRES.N M>KS DI6]+ F
^? 9 ! ORIG9AL M1SURE4 ,:5 ^! O3UR AT !
-M;E;T (! REP1T$ M1SURE !Y C 2 TR1T$ Z
%[N 9 ,EXAMPLE #AF.AF-G1 B IF !Y O3UR AT
ANY O!R PO9T 9 ! REP1T$ M1SURE1 T M1SURE
M/ 2 WRITT5 9 FULL4
#BF.CG4 ,:5 ! SCORE IS PR9T$ ) REF];E
LRS OR NUMB]S1 !Y %D =M ! BASIS (!
P>AGRAPH+ 9 SEP>ATE B& "PS4
#BF.CH4 ,! PR9T %D 2 REPRODUC$ EXACTLY
Z X /&S 7SAVE =! EXCEP;NS M5;N$ ABV7 &!
TRANSCRIB] M/ DEVISE SPECIAL SIGNS 6MEET
SPECIAL CASES1 & M/ GIVE ADEQUATE
EXPLAN,NS ( ^! 9 ! BRL TEXT4
#BF.CI4 ,! SIGNS 9 ,TA# #AI 7,B7 >E US$ 6REPRES5T PR9T DEVICES : B#BFG
O3UR PRIM>ILY 9 JAZZ B& MUSIC4 ,B[+
SIGNS1 6GIVE DIREC;N1 >E -B9$ EI )!
SIMPLE SLUR OR )! GLISS&O4 7,! SLUR OR
GLISS&O SIGN REMA9S CLOSE/ 6! NOTE1
PREC$$ OR FOLL[$ 0! DIREC;NAL SIGNS4 ,?
IS AN EXCEP;N 6,P>4 #BB.CH ) RESPECT
6CLOSE;S ( B[+ SIGNS 6NOTES47 ,! SLUR &
GLISS&O SIGNS1 Z US$ "H1 M/ 2 3SID]$
9TEGRAL "PS ( -P.D SIGNS4 ,ANO!R DEVICE
: 9DICATES A DIP 9 PIT* MAY 2 %[N 9 BRL
0US+ ! 8P$AL D[N0 SIGN 2F ! 8DIPP$0
NOTE4 ,2C (! 9FREQU5CY & UNIQUE;S ( ^!
9DIC,NS1 ^! SIGNS %D 2 EXPLA9$ 9 A
TRANSCRIB]'S NOTE4 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE
3TA9S O!R POSSI# -B9,NS ( DIREC;NAL &
SLUR OR GLISS&O SIGNS APPLICA# 6JAZZ
NOT,N4
#BF.CE--#BF.CI #CAG ,EXAMPLE #BF.CI-A4 #BFH
<'C.? 7RIS+ SLUR 2F NOTE7
<'@A.? 7RIS+ GLISS&O 2F NOTE7
.?C<B 7D[NW>D SLUR AF NOTE7
.?@A<B 7D[NW>D GLISS&O AF NOTE7
<C.? 7DIP OV] OR "U NOTE7
#BF.DJ4 ,9 ! TRANSCRIP;N (A S+LE "P F
A B&1 OR*E/RAL OR 5SEM# "W1 %ORT CUES (
?REE 6F\R B>S %D 2 WRITT5 9 ": "! >E L;G
RE/S4 ,S* CUES >E WRITT5 Z IN-A3ORDS AF
! M1SURE RE/ REPRES5T+ ! SOLO "P4 ,ONLY
NOTES1 RE/S & TIES >E NEC 9 ! CU$ "P4
#BG4 ,,FIGUR$ ,,BASS #BFI
7,TA# #BG7
,A4 ,HORIZONTAL ,=MAT
#BG.A4 ,9 TRANSCRIB+ FIGUR$ BASS1 !
SIGNS 9 ,TA# #BG ONLY BE> _! SPECIAL
M1N+ :5 ! PASSAGE 9 : !Y O3UR IS PREC$$
0! FIGUR$-BASS PREFIX1 : IS TR1T$ 9 !
SAME MANN] Z T EXPLA9$ = H& SIGNS 9 ,P>4
#BJ.A--#BJ.A.B4
#BG.B4 ,! V]TICAL COLUMNS ( FIGURES 9
! PR9T M/ ALW 2 TRANSCRIB$ F ! L[E/
UPW>D4
,EXAMPLE #BG.B-A4 .C
;>^?#0_?#0I#0H#0] ]#2$#34"
^:#56$#7 ]#5910:#6<[#6\ Y<K
#BG.C4 ,:5 FIGURES >E PR9T$
HORIZONT,Y1 EI S+LY OR 9 COLUMNS1 !
NUM]AL SIGN M/ 2 REP1T$ = E FIGURE OR
COLUMN4
,EXAMPLE #BG.C-A4 .C
;>_P#8#7Q#5#6 (#46#35<K
#BF.DJ--#BG4 ,FIGUR$ ,BASS #CAI #BG.D4 ,:5 ! NUMB] ( FIGURES #BGJ
V>IES 9 DI6]5T COLUMNS1 DOT #C M/ 2 M>K$
= E SPACE N O3UPI$ 0A FIGURE 9 ORD] 6%[
! CORRECT HORIZONTAL ALIGN;T ( EA*
FIGURE4
,EXAMPLE #BG.D-A4 .C
;>_(#79#'8 %R'#357#''6#'56V<K
#BG.E4 ,IF1 Z "S"TS HAPP5S1 ! PR9T IS
N ALW V EXACT 9 ? MATT] ( HORIZONTAL
ALIGN;T1 ! TRANSCRIB] %D1 N"E!.S1 FOLL[
X FAI?;LLY )\T ATTEMPT+ ANY CORREC;N ON
8 [N RESPONSIBIL;Y4
#BG.F4 ,IF X IS NEC 6%[ ! RHY?MIC
VALUE ( GR\PS ( FIGURES ABV OR 2L A
SU/A9$ NOTE1 /EM SIGNS MAY 2 PLAC$ AF !
LA/ FIGURE 9 EA* COLUMN4
,EXAMPLE #BG.F-A4 %%.C
;>_Z#59_A#4'_A#38_K<K
7,IN CASES ": ! PR9T IS N CLE> 9 ?
MATT]1 ! TRANSCRIB] M/ N TRY 69T]PRET
X47 #BG.G 7#AA-IG74 ,9 PR9T1 #BGA
A3ID5TALS >E PLAC$ IMMLY 2F ! FIGURES
7OR 9 ! BLANK SPACES7 6: !Y APPLY & ?
RULE M/ 2 FOLL[$ 9 BRL EV5 IF1 Z "S"TS
HAPP5S1 A3ID5TALS >E PR9T$ AF FIGURES4
,:5 AN A3ID5TAL IS FOLL[$ 0A SPACE 9
BRL1 ! SPECIAL SIGN = 8ISOLAT$ A3ID5TAL0
7,TA# #BG7 IS N NEC4
,EXAMPLE #BG.G-A4 %%.C
;>_:?#%6W#%K[#*3*46<K
#BG.H4 ,L9ES ( 3T9U,N >E TR1T$ 9 !
SAME MANN] Z T 9DICAT$ = BLANK SPACES
7,P>4 #BG.D74
,EXAMPLE #BG.H-A4 .C
;>_R#457#3AAN#AAA#3<K
------------------------------------#BGB
#BG.I4 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE ILLU/RATES !
USE (! BRL SIGNS REPRES5T+ OBLIQUE
/ROKES 9 ! PR9T4
#BG.D--#BG.I #CBA ,EXAMPLE #BG.I-A4 %%_C A#BGB
;>^OQ RQ#A PR#7 S#/R#34;6 Q#%K%S#7
%^W#/?#%24;6*T@C#AAA )#%K#*K<K
#BG.AJ4 ,X IS P]MISSI# 6USE ! MUSIC
HYPH5 2T COLUMNS ( FIGURES1 B X M/ N 2
US$ 2T FIGURES 9 ! SAME COLUMN4
#BG.AA4 7#AA-IG7 ,9 FACSIMILE COPY A
4T9C;N %D 2 MADE 2T BRL MUSIC P>5!SES
7,TA# #AG7 & SMALL BRACKETS 7,G4,T474
,:5 BRACKETS APPE> >.D A S+LE NOTE OR
F1TURE1 USE ! SIGN ,'"' ,1 ;2F ! ,G5]AL
,TA#1 Z %[N 9 ,EXAMPLE #BG.AB-A4 ,9
NON-FACSIMILE TRANSCRIP;NS1 MUSIC
P>5!SES MAY 2 US$ Z 9 ,EXAMPLE #BG.AB-B4
,EXAMPLE #BG.AA-A4 %%%#C4
;>_[[? S#6\@C#6 \Q#7#"'%,16<K
------------------------------------#BGC
,EXAMPLE #BG.AA-B4 %%%.C
;>^Q#,'3,'W#*6?#%K%5<K
#BG.AB 7#AA-IG7 ,! DIREC;N 8TA/O SOLO0
IS PLAC$ 2T ^W SIGNS1 ! 5D (! PASSAGE 2+ %[N EI 0"S DIREC;N S* Z A#BGC
8A3OMP401 OR 0! SIGN ,'>' ;2REPRES5T+ A
SLANT+ /ROKE 9 ! PR9T4
,EXAMPLE #BG.AB-A4 <.C
>TASTO SOLO> ;>_G D!)D!)DGDG
_D!)D!)DGD>ACCOMP'_I#6<K
,EXAMPLE #BG.AB-B4 <#B4
>TASTO SOLO> ;>^:FD 7 EGJH
_D)!HI>' ^O@C#'#7 O#56#';6<K
------------------------------------#BGD
#BG.AC4 ,9 "S SCORES1 SMALL NOTES )\T
/EMS >E A4$ 6A FIGUR$ BASS1 S PLAC$ T _!
RHY?MIC VALUES C 2 SE5 EASILY4 ,S* NOTES
%D 2 WRITT5 )! IN-A3ORD SIGN1 & PREC$$
0! SIGN = NOTES 9 SMALL TYPE 7,TA# #AG74
,EXAMPLE #BG.AC-A4 <<#C4
>#L;>^W?#6[#2<>,5":+,5$"-"V
^R'#*K7<9#368#357<K
#BG.AD4 ,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLES ILLU/RATE A
FIGUR$ BASS ALT]NAT+ )A SOLO PASSAGE4
#BG.AJ--#BG.AD #CBC A#BGD
,EXAMPLE #BG.AD-A4 %%.C
D .>'M
;>^JJ_F#6='#46R#4;2%^I#5<7J"
_G#46^G#%K5
E .>'X"GJY'O%"I)'NE&'Q<K
;>^JI6\Q<K
------------------------------------#BGE
,EXAMPLE #BG.AD-B4 %%.C
I .>"J.&CY"(=(&G'(F'Z
_>_(=(&DI_EHI^I
AJ .>":VU<K
;>_EDJH#56IHG#6E<K
#BG.AE4 ,! SIGNS = TRIPLET1 TURNS1
%ORT APPO7IATURAS1 NOTES 9 L>GE TYPE1 !
%AKE & MORD5T1 ! REP1T &! /A3ATO1 & A35T
MAY "S"TS O3UR 9 A PASSAGE ( FIGUR$
BASS4 ,"! IS NO POSSIBIL;Y ( 3FU.N UN.S
"O ( ^! SIGNS IMMLY FOLL[S A COLUMN (
FIGURES 9 ! SAME BRL L9E1 9 : CASE X M/
2 PREC$$ 0! SIGN3 ,'-_4
,EXAMPLE #BG.AE-A4 .C A#BGE
;>'6_?#6-5)5YW#%6-2I*H#AG#6"
;8^$#%K<K
------------------------------------#BGF
,B4 ,V]TICAL ,=MAT
#BG.AF4 ,! HORIZONTAL =MAT ( FIGUR$
BASS IS RECOMM5D$ :5 TRANSCRIB+ ACTUAL
-POSI;NS WRITT5 9 ? NOT,N4 7,? HAS BE5
ADEQUATELY DESCRIB$ 9 ,P>4 #BG.A--
#BG.AE47 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! V]TICAL =MAT IS
PREF]A# = !ORY TEXTS1 EXAM9,N PAP]S1 &
RELAT$ MAT]IAL ": "! IS ! LIKELIHOOD (A
GRT _M M FIGURES 2+ US$4 ,? =MAT
REQUIRES A GRT D1L M SPACE1 B IS M
EASILY R1D4
#BG.AG4 ,! F/ NUM]AL APPE>S DIRECTLY
"U ! BASS NOTE 6: X APPLIES1 )! REMA9+
NUM]ALS 9 A V]TICAL COLUMN Z !Y APPE> 9
PR9T4 ,! NUMB] SIGN O3URS ONLY =! .TOP
NUM]AL (! COLUMN1 & ALL NUM]ALS >E
WRITT5 9 ! L[] "P (! CELL4 ,A3ID5TALS
APPE>+ 9 3JUNC;N ) NUM]ALS >E PLAC$ AF !
NUM]AL1 REG>D.S (! PR9T4
#BG.AE--#BG.AG #CBE A#BGF
,EXAMPLE #BG.AG-A4
>#L^R S<K
#9#7
7 5<
3
#BG.AH4 ,": "! IS A *ORD *ANGE ON A
SU/A9$ NOTE1 ! HORIZONTAL NUMB]S W 2
GIV5 ) "O OR M HYPH5S 2T !M1 DEP5D+ ^U !
NUMB] ( B1TS 9VOLV$4
,EXAMPLE #BG.AH-A4
>#L_&' Z'<K
#3-6-3 #6-%
4 4
------------------------------------#BGG
#BG.AI4 ,X W 2 OBS]V$ 9 ,EXAMPLE
#BG.AG-A T "! >E SPACES 2T ! TWO HALF
NOTES 9 ORD] 6ALL[ = PROP] PLACE;T (!
NUM]ALS4 ,": ! HORIZONTAL L9E ( FIGURES
L1VES TWO OR M BLANK SPACES 9 ! BASS
L9E1 ! MUSIC HYPH5 IS US$ 69DICATE T !
M1SURE IS 9COMPLETE4 7,SEE ,EXAMPLE
#BG.BJ-A47 ,! 5D (! M1SURE O3URS ": "! IS A SPACE 9 ALL L9ES (! A#BGG
P>ALLEL1 Z 9 ,EXAMPLE #BG.BC.A-A4
#BG.BJ4 7#AA-IG7 ,:5 *ORD SYMBOLS1
9DICAT$ 0ROMAN NUM]ALS1 O3UR 2L NOTES1
ONLY ! S+LE CAPITAL SIGN IS US$4 ,ROMAN
NUM]ALS MAY 2 -B9$ ) >ABIC NUM]ALS4 ,:5
? O3URS1 ! >ABIC NUM]ALS %D 2 WRITT5
HORIZONT,Y US+ L[]-CELL NUMB]S 7,EXAMPLE
#BG.BJ-A74 ,^! NUMB]S FOLL[ )\T A SPACE1
& NUMB] SIGNS >E US$4 ,IF A *ORD SYMBOL1
S* Z A SMALL CIRCLE OR TRIANGLE APPE>S1
T SYMBOL IS N PREC$$ 0A NUMB] SIGN4 ,X
IS PLAC$ AF ! ROMAN NUM]AL & 2F ! NUMB]
SIGN IF A NUMB] IS AL PRES5T4 ,:5
P>5!SES O3UR 9 ! H>MONIC ANALYSIS1 !
MUSIC P>5!SES %D 2 US$4
,EXAMPLE #BG.BJ-A4
>#L_NT" Q<K
,I,V#56,II#6
#BG.BA ,:5 WRIT+ SYMBOLS S* Z ,V#2 &
,I#64 9 A LIT]>Y TEXT1 DOTS #DEF %D 2
PLAC$ 2F PUNCTU,N M>KS T MI<T 2 R1D Z
#BG.AH--#BG.BA #CBG L[]-CASE NUM]ALS4 7,SEE ,P>4 B#BGG
#F.E47
,EXAMPLE #BG.BA-A4
,"H ! BE/ *OICE IS ! ,I#6_4
,? DEVICE1 H["E1 IS UNNEC :5 A ROMAN
NUM]AL IS FOLL[$ 0A PUNCTU,N M>K4
------------------------------------#BGH
,EXAMPLE #BG.BA-B4
,=! CAD;E USE ,,II-,V-,I4
#BG.BB4 7#AA-IG7 ,= ALL ILLU/R,NS 9
H>MONY & !ORY TEXTS1 ! 9T]VALS %D R1D
UPW>D4 ,:5 9T]VALS O3UR 9 ! "R-H& "P1
USE ! PREFIX ,'.>> 7,TA# #BJ 7,A774
7,SEE ,EXAMPLE #BG.BE-A47
#BG.BC4 ,9 -PLEX EXC]PTS1 S* Z ^? : WD
9VOLVE IN-A3ORDS1 AN OP5 SCORE PRES5T,N
IS PREF]A#4
#BG.BC.A4 ,X FREQU5TLY HAPP5S 9 !
ANALYSIS T EXPRES.NS S* Z ,V#6 ( ,,II
O3UR4 ,^! >E TR1T$ Z %[N 9 ,EXAMPLE
#BG.BC.A-A4 ,OBS]VE T ! *ORDS >E ALIGN$ S T ! F/ SIGN APPE>S DIRECTLY "U A#BGH
! BASS NOTE1 & T ! PRACTICE ( BLANK
SPACES 2T B>S IS 4REG>D$ 9 ! ANALYSIS
L9E (! P>ALLEL4 ,X IS AL ADVISA# 6L1VE A
FREE L9E 2T P>ALLELS 9 MAT]IAL S* Z ?4
,EXAMPLE #BG.BC.A-A4 %%%.C
A .>"S W1 ? ''''''' %.O<LV"
.>"P $" ? '''''''' "R<LV"
_>"N W "$ '''''''' "Q<LV"
_>_S \ %[ ''''''' %_T<LV"
,I'V#6,V#6 ( ,II,V#56 ( ,III
B'.>'%.: ''''''' .$" "W W :<K
.> "\ ''''''' "\'" IHGHF<K
_>'%_W ''''''' "DE" $ $ $BK
_> _\ ''''''' "D)! HGFEDJ<K
,V#7 ( ,III,III,V#6
------------------------------------#BGI
#BG.BD4 ,:5 ! FIGUR$ BASS &! H>MONIC
ANALYSIS >E BO? %[N1 !Y %D BO? 2
9CLUD$ 9 ! TRANSCRIP;N AC 6_! RESPECTIVE
=MATS4
#BG.BE4 ,": ALT]NATIVE ANALYSES >E
#BG.BB--#BG.BE #CBI GIV5 =! SAME SET ( *ORDS1 ^! >E A#BGI
TRANSCRIB$ "O "U ! O!R ) APPROPRIATE
ALIGN;T4
,EXAMPLE #BG.BE-A4 <#D4
.>>"!+ "(+<K
_> _Z"+ _(9<K
;,F3 ;VI#7 ;,B<3;VI
;,B<3;III#7 ;,F3 ;II
------------------------------------#BHJ
,EXAMPLE #BG.BE-B4 %%#D4
>#L_Q" R P" %O<K
#6 #6 #6 #6
5 4 5
3 3
,I#6,II#56,V#34,V#56 ( ,II
#BG.BF4 ,9 "S TEXTS & SCORES ! PLUS
SIGN 7L ! OBLIQUE L9E7 IS US$ 69DICATE A
*ROMATIC ALT],N4 ,! PLUS SIGN1 DOTS
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ILLU/RATE1 RESPECTIVELY1 ! HORIZONTAL &
V]TICAL PLACE;T ( ? SIGN4
,EXAMPLE #BG.BF-A4 A#BHJ
>#L_P1 ^P !<K
,I#46,V#+K7 ,I+
------------------------------------#BHA
,EXAMPLE #BG.BF-B4
>#L_N" W W !<K
#5-6 #6#6+
3-4+ 4 4
2 3
,G5]AL ,EXAMPLES
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>#L^\%I%WD L \G : F L ]'%%]' L R'<K
#7#6 %K#;4#7#4 #3-7#7--6 %
5--5
3%-%
#BG.BF #CCA ,EXAMPLE #BG.BF-D4 <#B4 #BHB
>#L_: F G L \ G%G L H%HI<J
#;6#6 #;4#6#7< #7 #6
5 3 5* *
>#L'*_\G F L O<K'
#;4#6#;6
3 5
,,=MATS ,,( ,,KEYBO>D #BHC
,,MUSIC
,,9TRODUC;N
,9 ALL TYPES ( MUSIC1 :E!R VOCAL OR
9/RU;TAL1 ! PR9T SCORE IS SET \ 9 S* A
MANN] T ! EYE C TAKE 9 S"EAL /AVES TGR1
OR "O /AVE AT A "T1 OR ELSE A "PICUL>
MELODIC OR H>MONIC L9E 0XF1 Z ! R1D]
WI%ES4 ,9 BRL1 ! F+]S C R1D ONLY "O1 OR
AT MO/ TWO1 SIGNS AT A "T AC 6:E!R "O OR
BO? H&S >E US$4 ,X IS1 "!=E1 ( SPECIAL
3C]N 6! BL R1D] & 6! TRANSCRIB]1 T A
SATISFACTORY PLAN C 2 F.D =! >RANGE;T (!
MUSIC TEXT ON ! BRL PAGE4
,! PRO#M RESOLVES XF 96! ALT]NATIVES (
7#A7 FOLL[+ ! MUSIC ( "O "P AT A "T &
7#B7 ATTEMPT+ 0M1NS ( %ORT SEC;NS = EA*
"P--! M1SURE 2+ A 3V5I5T UNIT--6R1D "O
"P ALT]NATELY ) ANO!R1 MEMORIZ+ ! F/
SU6ICI5TLY 6BE A# 6-B9E X )! NEXT1 & S
ON4 ,! DI6ICULTY IS 9CR1S$ 0! FACT T1 :5
BO? H&S >E US$ = R1D+1 X IS IMPOSSI#
6R1D & PLAY AT ! SAME "T4
,=MATS ( ,KEYBO>D1 ,9TRO #CCC ,! E>LY HI/ORY ( BRL MUSIC A#BHC
NOT,N %[S T ! F/ ( ^! ALT]NATIVES 0 *OS5
Z ! MO/ PRACTICAL L9E ( DEVELOP;T1 !
RESULT F9,Y EM]G+ Z A SCORE 9 :1 =
KEYBO>D 9/RU;TS1 ! MUSIC =! "R H& 0 GIV5
F/1 FOLL[$ 0T =! LEFT H&1 &1 9 ORGAN
MUSIC1 0T =! P$ALS4 ,O3A.N,Y 7IN VOCAL
MUSIC 9V>IABLY7 ! :OLE (A PIECE OR
MOVE;T 0 GIV5 ?US 9 EA* "P2 M USU,Y A
NUMB] ( M1SURES *OS5 0! TRANSCRIB] ON
MUSICAL GR.DS 0 MADE ! UNIT (! P>AGRAPH4
,AT ! 2G9N+ (! PRES5T C5TURY "! 0 A
GRADUAL REAC;N 9 "S C.TRIES AG/ ?
4POSI;N (! SCORE ON ! GR.DS T X PREV5T$
! R1D] F OBTA9+ AN IMM & -PLETE
S.D-PICTURE ( EA* M1SURE1 & S EXP]I;TS 7
TRI$ )! SECOND ALT]NATIVE1 : RESULT$ 9
?REE 4T9CT ME?ODS ( PRES5T,N3
7#A7 ,! WRIT+ (! -PLETE SCORE AT
ONCE 7SEE 8,V]TICAL ,SCORE0 9 ,APP5DIX72
7#B7 ,! WRIT+ (A M1SURE ( "O H&
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8,B>-BY-,B>0 9 ,APP5DIX72
7#C7 ,! PLAC+ (! "PS 9 P>ALLEL L9ES
Z 9 PR9T4 ,( ^! ME?ODS1 ! ?IRD HAS PROV$ #BHD
6BE ! MO/ CAPA# ( DEVELOP;T1 BRAN*+ \
96! FOLL[+ =MS3
7A7 B>-OV]-B>2
7B7 C.T-OV]-C.T2
7C7 OP5 SCORE 7IN : EA* MELODIC L9E
OR 8VOICE0 IS GIV5 SEP>ATELY1
B>-OV]-B>72 &
7D7 L9E-OV]-L9E1 A R\< APPROXIM,N (
B>-OV]-B>4
------------------------------------#BHE
#BH4 ,,ME?ODS ,,( ,,PRES5T,N
,B>-,OV]-,B>
#BH.A4 ,:5 MUSIC = KEYBO>D 9/RU;TS OR
O!R 5SEM#S IS WRITT5 9 ? /YLE1 TWO OR M
L9ES >E GR\P$ TGR1 AC 6! NUMB] ( /AVES S
GR\P$ 9 ! PR9T4 ,^! GR\PS ( /AVES >E "KN
Z 8P>ALLELS01 A T]M : IS "H US$ = BO?
PR9T & BRL GR\PS4 ,?US 9 PIANO MUSIC A
P>ALLEL W NORM,Y 3SI/ ( TWO L9ES1 9
ORGAN MUSIC ( ?REE1 9 A QU>TET ( F\R1 &
S ON4
,? DIVI.N (! SCORE REMA9S 3/ANT "?\T1
#BH4 ,ME?ODS ( PRES5T,N #CCE & ONLY "U SPECIAL CIRCUM/.ES A#BHE
7SEE ,P>4 #BH.AD FF47 MAY M ?AN "O L9E (
MUSIC 2 GIV5 6"O H& OR "P 9 ! SAME
P>ALLEL4
#BH.B ,9 KEYBO>D MUSIC1 H& OR FOOT
SIGNS >E PLAC$ 2F _! RESPECTIVE L9ES 9 E
P>ALLEL4 7,= TWO-PIANO =MAT1 SEE ,P>4
#BH.BB & ,EXAMPLE #BH.BB-A47
#BH.C4 ,! F/ NOTE ( E M1SURE 9 KEYBO>D
MUSIC &( E P>ALLEL 9 ALL MUSIC M/ 2 GIV5
XS APPROPRIATE OCTAVE M>K 9 ALL "PS1 )\T
REG>D 6! OCTAVE RULES PREVI\SLY GIV54
,EXAMPLE #BH.C-A4 <<_C
J .>.\JI .WHE[%GE .R$DI .:JH"
_>^\_: _\W?: "FGFEDJID _JIHJ"
C'.>.DI.: "6"WIH<K
_>_IH%GE _\:<K
------------------------------------#BHF
#BH.D4 ,! ABV EXAMPLE DEMON/RATES ! V
IMPORTANT RULE T :5 A M1SURE _C 2
-PLET$ 9 ALL "PS 9 ! L9E 9 : X 2G9S1 X
M/ 2 DIVID$ AT EXACTLY ! SAME PO9T 9 E
"P4 ,Z ! OBS]V.E ( ? RULE 9 -PLICAT$
MUSIC IS LIKELY 6L1D 6AWKW>D SITU,NS =! TRANSCRIB]1 A M1SURE %D N"E 2 A#BHF
2GUN NE> ! 5D (A P>ALLEL UN.S A SUITA#
PO9T ( DIVI.N C EASILY 2 F.D 9 ALL "PS4
#BH.E4 7#AA-IG7 ,! A2REVI,NS 9 ,TA#
#AH 7,B7 & ^WS 2T ^W SIGNS %D1 ":
POSSI#1 2 TR1T$ 9DEP5D5TLY ( V]TICAL
ALIGN;T1 B Z X IS (T5 IMPOSSI# 6-PLETE A
M1SURE 7OR A SUITA# POR;N ( X7 9 ! L9E
:5 ? IS D"O1 ^! A2REVI,NS & DIREC;NS %D
!N 2 9CLUD$ 9 ! ALIGN;T1 ) AN ADJU/;T (
NO M ?AN TWO SPACES 2+ P]MITT$ ": NEC4
,EXAMPLE #BH.E-A4 #F8
.>")DJDIJ '''''''''' >PP_?8W+98?#0<K
_>'%^ECGE >SENZA PED'> 8^$8\8$<K
#BH.E.A4 ,DYNAMICS >E PLAC$ 9 !
"R-H& "P IF !Y APPLY 6BO? H&S4 ,:5 A NEW
DYNAMIC APPLIES 6BO? H&S B APPE>S 9 PR9T
AT A PO9T ": ! "R-H& "P HAS A RE/ OR IS
HOLD+ A *ORD 7OR NOTE71 T DYNAMIC %D 2
PLAC$ 9 ! LEFT-H& "P (! BRL SCORE & !N
REP1T$ 9 ! "R-H& "P AT ! NEXT
OPPORTUN;Y4
#BH.B--#BH.E.A #CCG #BH.F4 ,X W 2 OBS]V$ T ! BLANK B#BHF
"P (! "R-H& L9E ABV IS FILL$ BY 8TRACK]
L9ES0 ( DOTS2 ? %D 2 D"O :5"E ! BLANK
SPACE EXCE$S SIX CELLS4
#BH.G4 ,M1SURES >E NUMB]$ AT ! 2G9N+ (
E P>ALLEL1 ! NUMB] 2+ PLAC$ )\T NUM]AL
PREFIX 9 ! F/ CELL OR CELLS (! F/ L9E (!
P>ALLEL 7IN KEYBO>D MUSIC ! "R-H& L9E74
,IF ! PIECE 2G9S ) AN 9COMPLETE M1SURE1
! BRL CIPH] O3UPIES ? POSI;N4 7,= NUMB]+
( UNM1SUR$ MUSIC SEE ,P>4 #BH.BD47
------------------------------------#BHG
#BH.H4 ,:5 A M1SURE IS DIVID$ &!
REMNANT IS C>RI$ OV] 96A NEW P>ALLEL1 !
NUMB] ( T M1SURE 9 ! NEW P>ALLEL M/ 2
FOLL[$ 0DOT #C4 ,9 ORD] 6SECURE A
V]TICAL ALIGN;T ( H& SIGNS1 X IS1 "!=E1
NEC ALW 6L1VE A BLANK SPACE 2T ! NUMB]
&! H& SIGN ": DOT #C IS N US$4
,EXAMPLE #BH.H-A4 <<_C
J .>.\JI .WHE[%GE .R$DI .:JH"
_>^\_: _\W?: "FGFEDJID _JIHJ"
C'.>.DI.: "6"WIH<K
_>_IH%GE _\:<K #BH.I4 ,A P>ALLEL M/ ALW 2 A#BHG
-PLET$ ON ! PAGE ON : X 2G9S4 7,B SEE
,P>4 #BF.AE.A47
#BH.AJ4 ,! BRL SEGNO & DA CAPO >E N"E
US$ 9 8B>-OV]-B>01 2+ REPLAC$ 0! USE
( M1SURE NUMB]S4 7,SEE ,P>4 #AF.BC--
#AF.BD.A74 ,"PIAL A2REVI,N %D ONLY 2 US$
:5 ! ORIG9AL PASSAGE & XS REPETI;N O3UR
9 ! SAME P>ALLEL4
------------------------------------#BHH
,EXAMPLE #BH.AJ-A4 <<<.C
J .>_J "&=HHGIH_JI "(&G_IH"EFX_J
_>'X M ''''''''' M
^>'X ^$$$\ ''''' ^[W$V
C .>'#1 "(&G_IH"EDXJ<K
_>'M M<K
^>'#1 #2<K
#BH.AA4 ,9T]VALS & IN-A3ORDS >E R1D
D[NW>D 9 ! "R-H& "P & UPW>D 9 ! LEFT-H&
& P$AL "PS4
,EXAMPLE #BH.AA-A4 #D<#C4
J .>'>P'8"[00 "WKBC\1V "[KBC]10;B]L#
#BH.F--#BH.AA #CCI _> V VV_] VV_]1++B A#BHH
C .>'*"$+]#\9 "WC[^2"1"N<K
_>_\]*$ _Q+<K
------------------------------------#BHI
#BH.AA.A4 7#AA-IG7 ,IF X IS DESIR$
6REV]SE ! R1D+ ( 9T]VALS 9 EI H&1 ! H&
SIGNS = REV]S$ DIREC;NS 7,TA# #BJ 7,A77
M/ 2 US$4 ,SEE ,EXAMPLE #BD.BA-A 7A74
#BH.AB4 ,! "P = "O H& "S"TS MOVES
TEMPOR>ILY 96! /AFF ALLOTT$ =! O!R4 ,":
CLEF SIGNS >E N US$1 ? FACT NE$ N 2 NOT$
9 ! BRL TRANSCRIP;N1 B ": CLEF SIGNS >E
US$1 ! MODIFI$ CLEFS 7,TA# #C1 ,P>4
#C.C7 M/ 2 9S]T$4 ,! DIREC;N 9 : 9T]VALS
& IN-A3ORDS >E R1D IS UNA6ECT$ 0^!
SPECIAL CLEF SIGNS4
,EXAMPLE #BH.AB-A4 #F8
HI .>'>/L'X.JC%++D+ECF
_>'>#L"E>/K.E+CD+>#L_J>/K"J+CI+
IJ .>'>/L'X88;GFED8J%+<K
_>'>#L'%_H>/K'88%"H++IJD8E+<K
#BH.AC4 ,": A M1SURE : 2G9S AT #BIJ
! -M;E;T (A L9E _C 2 -PLET$ 9 T L9E1 &
_C 2 EASILY DIVID$ AT ! SAME PO9T 9 ALL
"PS1 X MAY 2 -PLET$ 9 ! FOLL[+ L9E OR
L9ES4 ,^! L9ES %D 2 FUR!R 9D5T$ TWO
SPACES4 ,! F/ NOTE 9 EA* 9D5T$ L9E M/ H
A SPECIAL OCTAVE M>K4
,EXAMPLE #BH.AC-A4 <#I8
E .>"FL_A'HK_AEB.K%"DFHLJKIH"1
"%"?'@C7<K
_>@C_O'#.C:'#<>"V"X_P'<K
#BH.AD4 ,": 7Z 9 ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE7 !
MUSIC ?9S \ 96A S+LE "P %>$ 2T ! H&S1 !
SECOND & SU3E$+ L9ES 9 ! P>ALLEL >E
9D5T$ TWO EXTRA SPACES1 )\T H& SIGNS
7UN.S ^! >E REQUIR$ =! PASSAGE XF71 &
)\T M>G9AL M1SURE NUMB]S4 ,! F/ NOTE 9
EA* 9D5T$ L9E M/ H A SPECIAL OCTAVE M>K4
#BH.AA.A--#BH.AD #CDA ,EXAMPLE #BH.AD-A4 <#D4 A#BIJ
FF .>.=HGFZ_>.D*JI)HJE.>.=IGE
_>.EXVU
FG _>'*")HJE.>.=IGE>SIM'<")HJD&HFD
")HJD&HFD!GIDZGEJ "!GIDZGEJ"
"(FHJ%YFDJ "(FHJ%YFDJ"
GJ'.>'M.IHI=IFI<K
_>"I%DE"H<K
------------------------------------#BIA
#BH.AE4 ,": "O (! "PS 7USU,Y ! P$AL "P
9 ORGAN MUSIC7 HAS M ?AN T5 M1SURES'
RE/1 ? "P IS TEMPOR>ILY OMITT$4 ,AN
A/]ISK M/ 2 PLAC$ AT ! PO9T ( OMIS.N1 !
NUMB] ( M1SURES' RE/ 2+ GIV5 9 A
FOOTNOTE4
#BH.AF4 ,9 MUSIC = 2G9N]S1 FREE L9ES
%D 2 LEFT 2T P>ALLELS4
------------------------------------#BIB
#BH.AG4 7#AA-IG7 ,LIT]>Y DIREC;NS =
EXPRES.N T O3UR 2T ^W SIGNS AT ! -M;E;T
(A BRL L9E MAY = 3V5I;E 2 PLAC$ 9 A FREE
L9E ABV ! "P A6ECT$1 B ? PLAN IS N
RECOMM5D$ = S* DIREC;NS :5 !Y O3UR AT
ANY O!R PO9T 9 ! L9E4 ,9 S* CASES1
V]TICAL ALIGN;T 2T ! H&S IS 4REG>D$4 ,EXAMPLE #BH.AG-A4 <#F8 A#BIB
>SOTTO VOCE>
J .>;B.DL?D .?D?^2;BD1 .?L+AD+?/D/
>SEMPRE SOSTENUTO E LEGATISSIMO>
_>'<C"DB?D "?D7*C _]99AG]G
C .>.F'.ZDL]KE1<>"WAJB[BG<K
_>_]G]9J<K
#BH.AH4 ,9 3TRAPUNTAL MUSIC = KEYBO>D
9/RU;TS ! MUSIC C (T5 2 WRITT5 9 A /YLE
CLOSELY RESEMBL+ PR9T OP5 SCORE1 9 : X
IS EASY 6R1D ! "PS SEP>ATELY OR 6-B9E
!M4 ,! H& SIGNS AT ! 2G9N+ ( EA* L9E (!
P>ALLEL >E A SU6ICI5T GUIDE 6! R1D]1 &!
NUMB] ( L9ES 9 ! P>ALLEL MAY 2 V>I$1 Z
EXPLA9$ 9 ,P>4 #BH.AD4
------------------------------------#BIC
,EXAMPLE #BH.AH-A4 <<.C
DC .>.EG"H*.F"=I.E*J%Y&I
.>"=I_>"EG*&H%DFZG_I"E&H_ID
_>_E"X"VU
DD .>.=H*FGZGFE%YZ*)YI.Z"!<K
_>"ZG_I"E_=IEG^!%D*FH=IEG<K
#BH.AE--#BH.AH #CDC ,7,X IS N NEC 6FOLL[ ! RULE A#BIC
3C]N+ AN A/]ISK & FOOTNOTE GIV5 9 ,P>4
#BH.AE :5 RE/S >E N GIV5 9 ! PR9T 9 S*
PASSAGES47'
#BH.AI4 ,! TRANSCRIP;N ( MUSIC 9 OP5
SCORE F A TWO-/AVE PR9T ORIG9AL REQUIRES
4CRE;N & S.D K1 S9CE ! 4POSI;N ( VOICES1
:ILE SU6ICI5TLY EXACT =! SEE+ P]=M]1 IS
(T5 F> F CLE> 9 3TRAPUNTAL DETAIL =
TR1T;T 9 OP5 SCORE4
#BH.BJ4 ,X IS FREQU5TLY NEC 9 ! FLORID
MUSIC ( ,*OP9 & O!R -POS]S =! PIANO1
69DICATE ! CO9CID;E ( "PICUL> NOTES 9
EA* "P4 ,? C 2 D"O 9 "O ( TWO WAYS3
------------------------------------#BID
,EXAMPLE #BH.BJ-A4
7A7 ! SIGN ,';2 ;2MAY 2 PLAC$ 2F S*
NOTES 9 EA* "P4
#E<#F4
C .>;B_22'.GA<HL*FB;2GAJ1*I<I"
;2*.H<HLGF"
_>;B^J_G;2"EJ;2"G_G^2"
C'.>;2<.F1*E<ED;2E1DL*JA;2DBGK"
*.F<F^2<K
_>;B;2^J_G;2"F*_I;2"G_G^2<K A#BID
7B7 ! NOTES MAY 2 V]TIC,Y ALIGN$ 9 EA*
H&1 ?US3
#E<#F4
C .>;B_22'.GA<HL*FBGAJ1*I<I*H<HLGF"
_> ;B^J_G "EJ "G_G^2"
C'.>'<.F1*E<EDE1DL*JADBGK*F<F^2<K
_>;B^J_G "F*_I "G_G^2<K
------------------------------------#BIE
#BH.BA4 ,Z 9 ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE1 X MAY
"S"TS 2 ADVISA# 6-B9E ME?OD 7B7 ) T (
OP5 SCORE4
,EXAMPLE #BH.BA-A4 #E%#C4
BB .> _5',PKD1FDI_5'RBFAD1ILHB"
_> "!C(C 5ICRUUP"
_>'<C>K_N"
BB'.>_6'.PAN1SLRBPA>SF"N@CD%%D<K
_>.8"DX ''''''''''' .>_$/#<K
_> '''''''''''''''' *C@]-<K
#BH.BB4 ,9 ! TRANSCRIP;N ( MUSIC = TWO
PIANOS1 "! >E TWO POSSIBILITIES3 7A7 EA*
PIANO "P MAY 2 TRANSCRIB$ SEP>ATELY2 7B7
#BH.AI--#BH.BB #CDE ! TWO PIANO "PS MAY 2 -B9$ 96AN A#BIE
EXP&$ B>-OV]-B> =MAT4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE1 !
H& SIGNS = EA* PIANO "P >E IMMLY FOLL[$
0_! APPROPRIATE NUM]ALS1 WRITT5 9 ! L[]
"P (! CELL4 ,IF ! SECOND PIANO "P IS AN
OR*E/RAL REDUC;N1 EXTRA L9ES MAY 2 A4$
6! P>ALLEL1 %[+ ! MUSIC = A4I;NAL
9/RU;TS4 ,IF SPECIFIC 9/RU;T,N IS 6BE
%[N1 SUITA# A2REVI,NS MAY 2 US$ 9 !
MUSIC TEXT1 PREC$$ 0^W SIGNS4 ,A2REVI,NS
%D 2 LI/$ SEP>ATELY4 ,9/RU;TAL L9ES A4$
6! P>ALLEL MAY -M;E EI )A CLEF SIGN OR
)A SOLO SIGN4
------------------------------------#BIF
,EXAMPLE #BH.BB-A4 #D4
>A TEMPO' FF'>
EHJ .>'X.I#--%H+%G9F#"J9I#H+%-<K
_>1'X%"D+%--J#I9%H+%E%DJ-<K
_>1@@)-<>.N^)<K
.>2.J%+9-"W.1.W"JCC%%.G%%--%H"
.J'C;&-<K
_>2'X>TROMBE'_I9%00%H+I9\+I9J#%0<K
_>2'>TRB'@)-<K
>/L'>CORNI'2"WI_6'%(IHIJD2J'!H"
_6'%"=FEFGH<K #BIG
,L9E-,OV]-,L9E
#BH.BC4 ,? ME?OD DI6]S F 8B>-OV]-B>0 9
ONLY ?REE RESPECTS3 7#A7 ! PR9CIPLE (
V]TICAL ALIGN;T IS 4REG>D$2 7#B7 X IS N
NEC 6PUT SPECIAL OCTAVE M>KS =! F/ NOTES
( M1SURES2 7#C7 ! REGUL>;Y ( P>ALLELS
MAY 2 9T]RUPT$ :5 "O (! "PS HAS REP1TS
OR RE/S CORRESPOND+ 6M ?AN "O BRL L9E (
MUSIC 9 ! O!R "P OR "PS4
,! FOLL[+ EXAMPLES ILLU/RATE ^! PO9TS3
,EXAMPLE #BH.BC-A4 7#A7 & 7#B7
<#C4
A .>"GH6\'=( IJ?] "IJ?: T'<K
_>_]FEFD ]^GHIJ DEFH%GI HIJIHG<K
------------------------------------#BIH
,EXAMPLE #BH.BC-B4 7#C7
.C
ADF .>_JXX)YEXX2ZF%G HXX(!J)YE2ZF%G
.HXX2"Z&%=HXX(! JXX)YE2Z&%=H(!
.JXX2.ZF%G\X(! WX)YE)YEZ&<K
_>@C@(^DJI777 7#E<K
#BH.BC #CDG A#BIH
,EXAMPLE #BH.BC-C4 #B4
ACF .>'M_HJE(JI%G (_JEH)EDI )HJE"
.(JI%G (JID)E%DF ZGFH=IHF 7
;ZGFD)EDI (JIG&HGE<K
_>.\V #GM<K
------------------------------------#BII
,! REMA9+ RULES = 8B>-OV]-B>0 APPLY
EQU,Y TO 8L9E-OV]-L9E04
#BH.BD4 ,9 ! TRANSCRIP;N ( UNM1SUR$
MUSIC1 M>G9AL NUMB]+ C 2 GE>$ 6/AVE
NUMB]+4 ,L9E-OV]-L9E =MAT MAY 2 US$1
NUMB]+ EA* P>ALLEL AC 6/AVES4 ,=! SAKE (
CL>;Y1 X MAY 2 NEC 6USE EI CO9CID;E
SIGNS OR B1T-OV]-B1T4 7,SEE ,P>4 #BH.BA
& ,EXAMPLE #BH.BJ-A & #BH.BA-A47
#BH.BE4 7#AA-IG7 ,IF )9 A PIECE "! IS
AN UNM1SUR$ POR;N T IS CLE>LY NEI A
CAD5ZA NOR AN 8AD LIB401 S* PASSAGE %D 2
ID5TIFI$ Z 8UNM1SUR$0 & RESUMP;N (
M1SUR$ MUSIC ID5TIFI$ 0! ^W 8M1SUR$04
,CO9CID;E SIGNS OR B1T-OV]-B1T CD AL 2
EMPLOY$4 ,9 ANY CASE1 A TRANSCRIB]'S
NOTE W 2 NE$$ 6EXPLA9 ! UNUSUAL =MAT4
,,APP5DIX #CJJ-CJA
,! 5SU+ =MATS >E 9CLUD$ SOLELY =
REF];E PURPOSES 09T]E/$ MUSICIANS OR 0^?
:O MAY NE$ 6REF] 6MUSIC PR9T$ 9 O!R
C.TRIES OR 9 OLD]1 EXP]I;TAL =MS4 ,!Y %D
N 2 UTILIZ$ =! CURR5T TRANSCRIP;N ( BRL
MUSIC 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4
#BI4 ,,SEC;N-BY-SEC;N
#BI.A4 ,? ME?OD 3SI/S (! PRES5T,N (A
3V5I5T GR\P ( M1SURES = EA* (! "PS 9
TURN1 ! ORD] 2+ "R H&1 LEFT H&1 &1 9
ORGAN MUSIC1 P$ALS4
#BI.B4 ,! L5G? ( ^! GR\PS OR SEC;NS IS
DET]M9$ 0! TRANSCRIB]1 EI AC 6! 3T\R (!
MUSIC XF1 OR ELSE ! NUMB] ( M1SURES 9 !
PR9T /AVE4
#BI.C4 ,! TABUL,N ( 8SEC;N-BY-SEC;N0
IS SIMIL> 6T ( 8L9E-OV]-L9E01 I4E41 ! H&
& FOOT SIGNS APPE> 9 V]TICAL ALIGN;T AT
! LEFT SIDE (! PAGE1 ! REMA9+ L9ES (!
MUSIC TEXT 2+ 9D5T$ TWO SPACES4
,APP5DIX2 #BI ,SEC;N-BY-SEC;N #CDI ,EXAMPLE #BI.C-A4 <#C4 #CJB
.>"GG"1V .DDEF]<>"]'H] .?"GG.DD<>
"\GX]@C .EF]?<>"GH](%GHI "J')JI"
"JE<>"\H%GHI .?JJII<>"JF@C&GFE"
"Y<FED "HH.:?<>"ZG*FE&HGF=HG<F
.E'ZDGGF<>"Z*FGH[\ .Q'<>"=HGF"
"=JIH[<K
_>_!JIH !HIG)IJH!HI*J Y<JIH!JIH"
_!HIG )IJH!HI*J? Z<FE%DZDE*D)DJI
_()!(GH[ *W<W[ M_DEF=HIJYEDJ
_!JIH!"EDJ?<K
^>'V ^G_GGGGE $]^G_G GGGEFD ^H_HHH"
_H*G FDEFGG ^G_GGGGG ^J_JIG? ]^Q<K
------------------------------------#CJC
#BI.D4 ,IF M1SURES >E NUMB]$ 9 ! PR9T
TEXT1 ! NUMB]S 7WRITT5 9 ! UPP] "P (!
CELL )\T NUM]AL PREFIX7 M/ 2 PLAC$ 2T !
M1SURES )A BLANK SPACE ON EI SIDE4
,EXAMPLE #BI.D-A4 <#C4
.>"GG"1V A .DDEF]<>"]'H] B
#BI.E4 ,! F/ M1SURE 9 A SEC;N DOES N
REQUIRE A NUMB]1 S9CE ? NUMB] IS GIV5 9 ! H1D+ (! SEC;N 7SEE 2L74 A#CJC
#BI.F4 ,A FREE L9E M/ 2 LEFT ABV ! F/
L9E ( EA* SEC;N4 ,9 ? L9E ! S]IAL NUMB]
(! SEC;N1 ! NUMB]S (! M1SURES 3TA9$ 9 T
SEC;N1 &! NUMB]S (! PR9T PAGE & /AVE 7OR
/AVES7 = T SEC;N M/ 2 C5TRALIZ$ 9 ?
ORD]4 ,! M1SURE NUMB]S >E WRITT5 9 ! L[]
"P (! CELL & >E SEP>AT$ F EA* O!R 0DOTS
#CF2 ! PAGE & /AVE NUMB]S >E WRITT5 9 !
UPP] "P (! CELL 7PREC$$ 0! SIGN ,'"3_7 &
>E SEP>AT$ F EA* O!R 0DOT #C4 ,IF M ?AN
"O /AVE IS 9DICAT$1 ! /AVE NUMB]S >E
SEP>AT$ F EA* O!R 0! SIGN ,'-_4
,EXAMPLE #BI.F-A4
#A #1-8 "3#A'A
7,SEC;N #A4 M1SURES #A-H1 PAGE #A1
/AFF #A47
#BI.G4 ,IF A SEC;N -M;ES OR 3CLUDES )
AN 9COMPLETE M1SURE1 ! M1SURE NUMB]S 9 !
H1D+ M/ 2 FOLL[$ 0DOT #C )\T AN 9T]V5+
SPACE1 & IF ! F/ SEC;N -M;ES ) AN
#BI.D--#BI.G #CEA 9COMPLETE M1SURE1 ! BRL CIPH]1 B#CJC
WRITT5 9 ! L[] "P (! CELL1 REPLACES !
NUMB]4
------------------------------------#CJD
,EXAMPLE #BI.G-A4
7A7 #B #8'-16' "3#A'B-C
7,SEC;N #B1 2G9N+ 9 ! MI4LE ( M1SURE
#H1 5D+ 9 ! MI4LE ( M1SURE #AF1 PAGE #A1
/AVES #B & #C47
7B7 #A #0-8' "3#A'A
7,SEC;N #A1 2G9N+ ) 9COMPLETE M1SURE1
5D+ 9 ! MI4LE ( M1SURE #H1 PAGE #A1 /AVE
#A47
#BI.H4 ,:5 SEC;NS >E >RANG$ 9DEP5D5TLY
(! PR9T /AVES1 A *ANGE ( /AVE IS %[N 0!
SIGN ,'3L ;2PLAC$ 2T M1SURES4
,EXAMPLE #BI.H-A4 <#C4
.>.?"GG.DD<>"\GX]@C 3L .EF]?<>"GH]"
"(%GHI<K
,IF ! M1SURES >E NUMB]$1 ! A#CJD
M1SURE NUMB] FOLL[S ? SIGN4
#BI.I4 7#AA-IG7 ,EXPRES.N M>KS
REPRES5T$ 0^WS OR A2REVI,NS1 %D 2 PLAC$
9 ! "R-H& "P UN.S !Y OBVI\SLY APPLY 6!
LEFT-H& OR P$AL "PS1 & PIANO P$ALL+ %D 2
TR1T$ Z EXPLA9$ 9 ,P>4 #BJ.F4
#BI.AJ4 ,MUSIC %>$ 2T ! H&S %D 2 TR1T$
Z %[N 9 ,P>4 #BJ.D--#BJ.D.A4
#BI.AA4 ,Z M1SURE NUMB]S %D ALW 2 GIV5
9 ! SEC;N H1D+1 ! SY/EM (
REP1TS 0M1SURE NUMB]S EXPLA9$ 9 ,P>4
#AF.BC.A--#AF.BD.A IS RECOMM5D$ = ?
/YLE4
------------------------------------#CJE
#BI.AB4 ,A FUR!R ME?OD ( A2REVI,N IS
0! USE (! 8SEGNO04 ,? DI6]S F "PIAL
A2REVI,N 9 TWO WAYS3 7A7 ! PASSAGE 6BE
REP1T$ MAY 2 ( ANY L5G? PROVID+ X DOES N
EXCE$ ! L5G? (A SEC;N2 7B7 ! REPETI;N
MAY 2 AT ANY 4T.E F ! ORIG9AL PASSAGE4
#BI.AC4 ,9 VOCAL MUSIC1 ! M1SURES M/ 2
NUMB]$1 &! NUMB] (! F/ M1SURE 9 EA*
SEC;N M/ 2 PLAC$ AT ! -M;E;T (! F/ L9E (
#BI.H--#BI.AC #CEC ^WS 9 T SEC;N4 A#CJE
#BI.AD4 ,9 VOCAL A3OMPANI;TS1 AN \TL9E
(! VOICE "P %D 2 9CLUD$ 6ASSI/ ! PLAY] 9
MEMORIZ+ 8 "P2 ! VOICE "P M/ 2 GIV5 AF
AN IN-A3ORD SIGN 9 ! "R-H& "P1 ! SIGN
,'"> ;22+ M>K$ 9 E M1SURE4 ,ONLY NOTES1
TIES & RE/S %D 2 GIV5 9 ? \TL9E4
,EXAMPLE #BI.AD-A4
,ME?OD3 ,SEC;N- BY-,SEC;N <.C
.>'X"1">'X V"?+-"[0-7<>">'M .?+-7"
.[0-7<>">'UVX"D ;?+777<>.DGGFFE"
.ED<>">"?"[?'"D ;?/777<>.DHHFFEED<>
">"D'&FH.?X"H<K
_>@G- ]'-G-7 7#C<K
------------------------------------#CJF
#CJ4 ,,V]TICAL ,,SCORE & #CJG
,,B>-BY-B>4
#CJ.A4 ,^! TWO SY/EMS 7 EXCLUSIVELY
US$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM F AB #AIAE 6AB
#AIFJ1 & AL? !Y 7 REJECT$ 0! ,P>IS
,3F];E ( #AIED1 ! V 3SID]A# PRODUC;N (
BRL MUSIC 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM R5D]S A
DESCRIP;N ( !M NEC4 ,C]TA9 M9OR DETAILS
( PROC$URE T5D$ 6V>Y UP 6! PUBLIC,N (
8,KEY 6! ,BRL ,MUSIC ,NOT,N #AIBB0 0!
,ROYAL ,N,NAL ,9/ITUTE =! ,BL1 ,LONDON1
& "O OR TWO *ANGES 7 AL BR"\ AB 0! ,P>IS
,3F];E ( #AIBI4 ,X IS N 3SID]$ ESS5TIAL
6G 96DETAILS 3C]N+ ^! V>I,NS1 &! TWO
SY/EMS >E "H DESCRIB$ Z !Y 7 PRES5T$ 6!
,P>IS ,3F];E ( #AIED4
,V]TICAL ,SCORE
#CJ.B4 ,Z XS "N SU7E/S1 ? ME?OD IS A
-PLETE PRES5T,N (! SCORE 9 EA* M1SURE 0!
USE ( 9T]VALS OR IN-A3ORDS OR BO?1 &!
MUSIC IS ALW R1D F ! L[E/ "P UPW>D4
#CJ.C4 ,! ME?OD IS *IEFLY US$ Z A H&Y
#BI.AD--#CJ4 ,V]TICAL SCORE #CEE -PRES.N ( OP5 SCORE 9 VOCAL A#CJG
MUSIC =! B5EFIT ( ORGANI/S & *OIRMA/]S1
&= HYMN TUNES &! A3OMPANI;TS ( SIMPLE
AN!MS & "P S;GS4
#CJ.D4 ,NO OCTAVE SIGNS >E US$ =! F/
NOTES ( M1SURES UN.S REQUIR$ 0! RULES
GIV5 9 ,P>4 #B.A--#B.G1 #AJ.A1 #AJ.C4
#CJ.E4 ,! SIGN ,'L ;2IS ALW US$ 6%[ !
MEET+ ( TWO OR M "PS ON ! SAME NOTE :5
^! C 2 EXPRESS$ Z 9T]VALS4
,EXAMPLE #CJ.E-A4 %%.C
_WL+9,0 ]+0+\L9+.K_E++FGH+"1":EF"1
"[.: _[L0,3"1.:.K^["9-+_:"+9-<K
------------------------------------#CJH
#CJ.F4 ,:51 Z 9 ORGAN A3OMPANI;TS1 H&
& FOOT SIGNS >E US$1 !Y >E N RE-M>K$ 9 E
*ORD S L;G Z ! NUMB] ( NOTES ASSIGN$
6EA* 9 ! F/ *ORD REMA9S ! SAME4 ,:5
*ANGES ( 4POSI;N O3UR1 ^! SIGNS >E ONLY
US$ Z REQUIR$ 6%[ ! NEW 4POSI;N4
,EXAMPLE #CJ.F-A4 #C4
_>_?+.>9-?9-+?-+9 N'.>"+9-<K
#CJ.G4 ,! SIGN ,'@> ;2IS (T5 A#CJH
US$ 9 ORGAN A3OMPANI;TS Z AN EQUIVAL5T =
8S5ZA P$40 OR "S SIMIL> DIREC;N4
#C.H4 ,9 BOOKS ( HYMN TUNES1 ! MELODY
IS F/ GIV5 9 XS 5TIRETY 7PREC$$ 0!
9DIC,N ,'>MEL'_7 Z A GUIDE 6! R1D]1
FOLL[$ 0! -PLETE TEXT 7M>K$ ,'>H'_74
#CJ.I4 ,9 KEYBO>D MUSIC1 P>AGRAPH+ IS
"S"TS AC 6! PR9T /AVES & "S"TS AC 6!
3T\R (! MUSIC2 B 9 VOCAL MUSIC1 ? LATT]
HAS BE5 ! G5]AL PRACTICE =! B5EFIT (
*OIRMA/]S1 ! P>AGRAPH 2+ USU,Y H1D$ ?US3
7P#AE1 L#C1 B#B47
7,PAGE #AE1 L9E #C1 B> #B47
#CJ.AJ4 ,9 BO? V]TICAL SCORE & B> 0B>1
! SIGN ,'"1 ;2IS ALW US$ Z ! IN-A3ORD
SIGN1 ,'<> ;22+ RES]V$ = M1SURES 9 : "P
(! SCORE IS GIV5 ) M1SURE-DIVI.N &!
REMA9D] )\T ? DEVICE4
#CJ.D--#CJ.AJ #CEG #CJI
,B>-,BY-,B>
#CJ.AA4 ,? ME?OD IS ONLY US$ = TWO- OR
?REE-/AVE 9/RU;TAL SCORES1 S* Z PIANO &
ORGAN MUSIC1 OR PIANO -B9$ )A SOLO
9/RU;T1 OR ! \TL9E (A SOLO VOICE "P4
#CJ.AB4 ,! SCORE IS LAID \ HORIZONT,Y1
A M1SURE ( "O "P 2+ FOLL[$ AF AN 9T]V5+
SPACE 0! CORRESPOND+ M1SURE 9 ANO!R "P1
& S ON4 ,! ORD] (! "PS IS F ! L[E/
UPW>D1 & 9T]VALS & IN-A3ORDS >E AL R1D
UPW>D4
#CJ.AC4 ,! B> L9E 7,'L_7 IS PLAC$ 2T !
HI<E/ "P 9 "O M1SURE &! L[E/ "P 9 !
FOLL[+ M1SURE1 & X HAS A FREE SPACE ON
EI SIDE4 ,! B> L9E FOLL[S E M1SURE (A
PIECE 7EV5 ": ! PR9T HAS D\# B>S ) OR
)\T DOTS7 EXCEPT ! F9AL "O4
#CJ.AD4 ,! F/ NOTE 9 E M1SURE ( E "P
HAS A SPECIAL OCTAVE M>K4
#CJ.AE4 ,! ORD] (! "PS IS %[N 0H&1
FOOT OR O!R SIGNS1 S* Z >VOICE' ;2ETC4
,^! >E PLAC$ AT ! -M;E;T (! PIECE & >E N
RE-M>K$ 9 ! SECOND & SU3E$+ M1SURES UN.S
A *ANGE ( 4POSI;N O3URS4 ,EXAMPLE #CJ.AE-A4 .C A#CJI
_>_Y9 .>"N++)Y)YED L ^\-7U _W+W0"
U L ^(_+ "O++%YZYZFE L _?97U
"?+$0U<K
------------------------------------#CAJ
#CJ.AF4 ,": "O (! "PS IS OMITT$1 OR ":
! MUSIC ( "O "P C 2 PLAC$ M 3V5I5TLY ) T
= ANO!R1 ! H& SIGNS >E M>K$ 9 S* A WAY Z
6MAKE ! 4POSI;N (! MUSIC Q CLE>4
#CJ.AG4 ,MUSIC WRITT5 9 ? ME?OD IS
"S"TS P>AGRAPH$ AC 6! 3T\R (! MUSIC1 B
G5]AL PRACTICE HAS BE5 6BASE ! P>AGRAPH+
ON ! PR9T /AVES4
#CJ.AH4 ,:5 ALL ! "PS H A M1SURE (
SIL;E1 ONLY "O RE/ IS WRITT51 &=A SIL;E
( M ?AN "O M1SURE1 ! FOLL[+ PROC$URE M/
2 ADOPT$3
,EXAMPLE #CJ.AH-A4 #C4
_>_]'(!)DEF .>"[')YZFGH L "]VV
.[VV L #BM L _\9VV "]#VV L _?-VV
"$0VV<K
#CJ.AI4 ,:5 ! SIL;E IS N 9 ALL "PS1
,B>-BY-B> #CJ.AA-CJ.AI #CEI RE/S >E WRITT5 SEP>ATELY = EA* A#CAJ
"P4
,EXAMPLE #CJ.AI-A4 #B4
^>^$V _>_$#0V .>"$@C&EDJ L M M
"YF%G%H!JDE L M M .$'"I L _:$ "$%/"
:%# .?@C2DJ'Y L V^[@C M "S@C L
^S<L _P#0-<L "S<L<K
------------------------------------#CAA
#CJ.BJ4 ,! M1SURE REP1T IS TR1T$ 9
EXACTLY ! SAME MANN] Z ! M1SURE RE/1
EXCEPT T ": TWO OR M M1SURES REP1T 9 ALL
"PS ! SIGN ,'7 ;2IS FOLL[$ IMMLY 0A
FIGURE ) NUM]AL PREFIX4
,EXAMPLE #CJ.BJ-A4 .C
_>'<@T<-H-XV .>_- L 7#C L *@)*-
_- L %@(%- _-<K
------------------------------------#CAB
,EXAMPLE #CJ.BJ-B4 <#C8
^>_D*JE _>"DE*J"1"]'@C .>"['@C L
7 7@C "!.GFGFG L _D*JD "DE<J"1"]F
"[('S L ^]' _['0 "]'<K
#CJ.BA4 ,": "O "P RE/S = M ?AN A#CAB
F\R M1SURES X IS OMITT$4
,EXAMPLE #CJ.BA-A4 %%#C4
_>_\+*37*"?+ .>_E'^(_:*? L 7 L
_>"R' L *"N' L #B L "R'@C L 7 L
M .>"\*?'J L ^]]@W- _F'%#%0="
$/#0:+0<K
------------------------------------#CAC
#CJ.BB4 ,": A PIECE 2G9S ) ONLY "O "P
7Z 9 A FUGUE71 ! B> L9ES >E OMITT$ UNTIL
! 5D (! M1SURE PREC$+ T 9 : ! SECOND "P
5T]S4
,EXAMPLE #CJ.BB-A4 .C
.>"NO PQ@C ]$:\ "6$EF?.?@C L
_>_RS .>.?T[@C<K
#CJ.BJ--#CJ.BB #CFA #CAD
#CA4 ,,SUB/ITU;N #CAE
7,? SY/EM 0 EXT5SIVELY US$ AT ! 2G9N+
(! PRES5T C5TURY B HAS GRADU,Y FALL5
964FAVOR & 0 F9,Y REJECT$ 0! ,P>IS
,3F];E ( #AIED47
#CA.A4 ,SUB/ITU;N IS A DEVICE US$
6AVOID ! 3T9UAL M>K+ ( OCTAVES 9
PASSAGES : FREQU5TLY *ANGE _! OCTAVE4 ,!
"O 3DI;N = XS USE IS T ! PASSAGE M/ 2 9
NOTES ( EQUAL VALUE4
#CA.B4 ,A PASSAGE WRITT5 9 SUB/ITU;N
IS LIMIT$ 6A RANGE ( F\R OCTAVES1 !
OCTAVES 2+ %[N 9 ASC5D+ ORD] F ! L[E/
0NOTE VALUES1 ?US3
L[E/ OCTAVE--EI<?S
L[] MI4LE OCTAVE--HALVES
HI<] MI4LE OCTAVE--:OLES
HI<E/ OCTAVE--QU>T]S
#CA.C ,! SIGN 9DICAT+ ! -M;E;T (A
PASSAGE ( SUB/ITU;N O3UPIES ?REE
SPACES3
#CA4 ,SUB/ITU;N #CFC A#CAE
7#A7 AN OCTAVE SIGN %[+ ! L[E/
OCTAVE (! PASSAGE2
7#B7 ! SIGN ,'%
7#C7 "O (! VALUE SIGNS =M+ ! SECOND
(! SIGNS 9 ,TA# #AC1 %[+ ! VALUE (!
NOTES 9 ! PASSAGE4 ,?US ! SIGN ,'^%L
;29DICATES A PASSAGE ( SIXTE5?S ^: L[E/
NOTE IS 9 ! SECOND OCTAVE4
,EXAMPLE #CA.C-A4
7A7 _%LHR(\\(RH<K
7B7 _("H.H;H(.H"H_H<K
------------------------------------#CAF
#CA.D4 ,RE/S ( ANY VALUE C O3UR 9 A
PASSAGE ( SUB/ITU;N1 B A NOTE ( ANY O!R
VALUE 7OR EV5 (! SAME VALUE DOTT$7 BR+S
X 6AN 5D & M/ 2 PREC$$ 0A SPECIAL OCTAVE
M>K4
#CA.E4 ,H& SIGNS & EXPRES.N M>KS 7,TA#
#AH 7,B77 R5D] ! RE-M>K+ (! SUB/ITU;N
SIGN NEC UN.S 7AC 6! PRACTICE ( "S
C.TRIES7 !Y >E FOLL[$ 0DOT #C4
#CA.F4 ,/EM SIGNS ( ANY VALUE MAY 2
US$ 9 A PASSAGE ( SUB/ITU;N4 #CB4 ,,! 8,,NOTE-=-NOTE0 #CAG
,,ME?OD
#CB.A4 ,? IS A ME?OD 9 : 9T]VALS >E
REPLAC$ 0! ACTUAL NOTES : !Y REPRES5T4
,^! NOTES >E WRITT5 Z EI<?S 9 ! L[] "P
(! CELL & >E "!=E DESCRIB$ Z 8SUBNOTES04
,9 ! FOLL[+ EXAMPLE1 7A7 %[S A *ORD
WRITT5 ) 9T]VALS1 7B7 ! SAME *ORD WRITT5
) SUBNOTES4
,EXAMPLE #CB.A-A4
7A7 >/L.Y#0-<K
7B7 >/L.Y864<K
,! FOLL[+ RULES & DIREC;NS >E ADAPT$ F
,P>4 #H.B--#H.H.D S9CE 9 G5]AL !Y APPLY
6! 8,NOTE-=-,NOTE0 ME?OD4
#CB.B4 ,! DIREC;N 9 : SUBNOTES >E R1D
7UPW>D OR D[NW>D7 DEP5DS V M* ON !
9/RU;T = : ! MUSIC IS WRITT5 & ON !
4POSI;N (! SCORE4 ,": CLEF SIGNS >E US$1
! TRE# CLEF IMPLIES A D[NW>D R1D+ &!
BASS CLEF AN UPW>D R1D+4
#CB4 ,NOTE-=-NOTE #CFE ,EXAMPLE #CB.B-A4 .C A#CAG
>/L.?6 W8[7\5\4 [4W7?6<K
>#L_?8 $8]4\0$4 ]9:7?8<K
------------------------------------#CAH
#CB.C4 ,:5 ! MA9 NOTE IS DOTT$1 X IS N
NEC 6PLACE DOTS AF SUBNOTES4
,EXAMPLE #CB.C-A4 .C
>/L.?'6E8F'4=5F'4Z8 ?''6"(6\6V<K
#CB.D4 ,:5 ! 4T.E 2T A SUBNOTE &! MA9
NOTE IS GRT] ?AN AN OCTAVE1 ! SUBNOTE M/
H AN OCTAVE M>K4
,EXAMPLE #CB.D-A4 #C4
>/L.\_0\_9]_0 P'"4<K
#CB.E ,! OCTAVE RULES = *ORDS ( M ?AN
TWO NOTES >E Z FOLL[S3
#CB.E.A4 ,IF M ?AN "O SUBNOTE FOLL[S
! MA9 NOTE1 NO OCTAVE M>K IS NE$$ S L;G
Z ANY TWO ADJAC5T SUBNOTES >E LESS ?AN
AN OCTAVE A"P4
,EXAMPLE #CB.E.A-A4 #C4 A#CAH
>/L.\80\89]80 P'84<K
------------------------------------#CAI
,EXAMPLE #CB.E.A-B4 #C4
>/L.\850\469]580 P'484<K
#CB.E.B4 ,IF ANY TWO ADJAC5T
SUBNOTES >E AN OCTAVE OR M A"P1 ! SECOND
SUBNOTE M/ H XS PROP] OCTAVE M>K4
,EXAMPLE #CB.E.B-A4 #C4
>/L.\5_0\4_9]5_0 P'4"4<K
#CB.E.C4 ,IF A SUBNOTE =MS A UNISON
)! MA9 NOTE1 X M/ H XS PROP] OCTAVE M>K4
,EXAMPLE #CB.E.C-A4 #C4
>/L.\.8_0\4_9]5_0 P'.6"4<K
------------------------------------#CBJ
#CB.E.D4 ,IF TWO ADJAC5T SUBNOTES =M A
UNISON1 ! SECOND M/ H XS PROP] OCTAVE
M>K4
7,N4,B4 ,9 ! LA/ TWO *ORDS (! FOLL[+
#CB.C--#CB.E.D #CFG EXAMPLE1 ! 9N] "PS =M AN OCTAVE A#CBJ
9 ! "O CASE &A UNISON 9 ! O!R47
,EXAMPLE #CB.E.D-A4 #C4
>/L.\80_0\6"49]5"50 P'8"84<K
#CB.F4 ,:5 TWO "PS REPRES5T$
0SUBNOTES CROSS "O ANO!R 9 A *ORD1 !
NOTES : >E1 S 6SP1K1 8\ ( PLACE0 M/ EA*
H XS PROP] OCTAVE M>K1 ! WRITT5 ORD] (!
"PS REMA9+ UN*ANG$4
,EXAMPLE #CB.F-A4 #C4
>/L.\850\"4"69]"5"80 P'84"4<K
------------------------------------#CBA
#CB.G4 ,! PR9CIPLE ( D\BL+ US$ )
9T]VALS IS N EMPLOY$ 9 ! 8,NOTE = ,NOTE0
ME?OD EXCEPT 9 PASSAGES ( OCTAVES4 ,"H !
D\BL+ IS %[N 0! REPETI;N (! SUBNOTE AF !
F/ MA9 NOTE (! PASSAGE & XS RE-M>K+ AF !
LA/4
,EXAMPLE #CB.G-A4 .C
>#L^D44EFGHIJH _DJIHGFED4<K
#CB.H4 ,9 S* A PASSAGE ! D\B_+ A#CBA
NE$ N 2 9T]RUPT$ 0! O3URR;E ( A3ID5TALS
: WD NORM,Y 2 M>K$ =! SUBNOTE Z WELL Z
=! MA9 NOTE4
,EXAMPLE #CB.H-A4 <<<#B4
>#L'<^\<88$ <:'<D J<H*^DI9<K
------------------------------------#CBB
#CB.I4 ,! MOV+-NOTE SIGN MAY 2 US$ 9
8,NOTE-=-,NOTE0 = V OBVI\S CASES4
,EXAMPLE #CB.I-A4 .C
7A7 >/L"(6,4 R'6,5,4V<K
7B7 >/L"P4',0Q9',0 &4<K
#CB.AJ4 ,! D\# MOV+-NOTE SIGN1 H["E1
M/ N 2 US$ 9 ? ME?OD4
#CB.AA4 ,IF ! MOV+-NOTE SIGN IS
EXT5SIVELY US$1 ! OCTAVE RULES =
SUBNOTES >E ^? : APPLY 6WRITT5 NOTES
7,P>4 #B.A.A--#B.A.D71 A REV]SAL (! RULE
GIV5 9 ,P>4 #H.H.C4
#CB.F--#CB.AA #CFI ,EXAMPLE #CB.AA-A4 <<<#F8 A#CBB
>/L.]'7,<.5,"7$'8,.4,*9<K
------------------------------------#CBC
#CB.AB4 ,X W 2 SE5 T 8,NOTE-=-,NOTE0
9VOLVES A *ANGE ( M1N+ 9 ! FOLL[+ SIGNS3
4 7#BEF7 ! TURN1 9 XS V>I\S =MS
5 ,5 "5 @5 25 7#BF2 #F1 #BF2 #E1 #BF2
#D1 #BF2 #EF1 #BF7 NOTES 9 SMALL OR
L>GE TYPE1 & V>I\S ORNA;TS
6 "6 7#BCE2 #E1 #BCE7 ! TRILL1 MORD5T1
ETC4
7 _7' 7#BCEF2 #DEF1 #BCEF1 #C7 ! REP1T1
& IRREGUL> GR\P+
8 ,8 "8 ;8 .8 _8 7#BCF2 #F1 #BCF2 #E1
#BCF2 #EF1 #BCF2 #DF1 #BCF2 #DEF1
#BCF2 SEE ,TA# #AH 7,A7
#CB.AC4 ,? DI6ICULTY C 2 MET 9 EI (!
FOLL[+ WAYS3
7#A7 ,^! SIGNS MAY 2 SEP>AT$ F !
PREC$+ MUSIC TEXT 0! SIGN ,'- 7#CF7 7N
O!RWISE US$ 9 8,NOTE-=-,NOTE0 EXCEPT 7A7
AT ! 2G9N+ (A M1SURE OR (A BRL L9E1 7B7
AF A RE/1 PIANO P$ALL+1 H& OR FOOT SIGNS1 OR M>KS ( EXPRES.N (! A#CBC
TYPE GIV5 9 ,TA# #AH 7,B774
7#B7 ,! 9T]VAL SIGNS1 ,'/, +, #, -
7#CF7 ;2& ,'3 7#BE7 ;24PLAC$ 0!
8,NOTE-=-,NOTE0 ME?OD MAY 2 US$ Z
FOLL[S3
/ ! A3IA3ATURA
,/ ! APPO7IATURA
;/ ! TURN 2T NOTES
_/ ! TURN ABV A NOTE
+ ! REP1T1 REPLAC+ ,'7 7#BCEF7
# ! 9ITIAL SIGN = IRREGUL> GR\P+1
REPLAC+ ,'_ 7#DEF7
3 "3 ;3 7#BE2 #E1 #BE2 #EF1 #BE7
"3L ;3L ! TRILL & MORD5TS
- ,- "- ;- .- _- 7#CF2 #F1 #CF2 #E1
#CF2 #EF1 #CF2 #DF1 #CF2 #DEF1 #CF7
/A3ATOS1 A35TS ETC4
------------------------------------#CBD
#CB.AD4 ,! 8,NOTE-=-,NOTE0 ME?OD C
OBVI\SLY 2 US$ 9 ALL MUSIC 9 : 9T]VALS
WD O!RWISE 2 NE$$1 IRRESPECTIVE (!
4POSI;N (! SCORE4
#CB.AB--#CB.AD #CGA #CB.AE4 ,! FOLL[+ /ATE;T %D 2 A#CBD
PLAC$ 9 ! L9E 2L T 3TA9+ ! ME?OD (
4POSI;N (! SCORE 7SEE ,P>4 #AI.B72 !
NUMB]S #A OR #B 9DICAT+ : (! ALT]NATIVES
GIV5 9 ,P>4 #CB.AB IS US$3
7,NOTE-=-,NOTE-#A7
7,NOTE-=-,NOTE-#B7